The Hot Zone By Richard Preston Essay - 1498 Words

My unwavering interest in infectious diseases began in middle school when I read the book, The Hot Zone, by Richard Preston that intricately describes the Ebola virus. While the description of how the virus destroys the human body are unpleasant, this virus fascinated me. Consequently, in my spare time I read about other infectious diseases, such as cholera and tuberculosis, on Wikipedia and other web pages for my personal enjoyment. Years later, I participated in Princeton Model Congress in high school where I first learned about public health. Participants made mock congressional bills to be passed in a congress comprised of high school and college students in order to implement a national change. My mock bill advocated for the incorporation of HIV tests within annual physicals. The purpose of this bill was to ensure that more people became knowledgeable about their status and with this knowledge, HIV positive individuals can receive care faster and take proactive measures to preve nt infecting others with this virus. As I researched various facts about the HIV epidemic and how HIV impacts communities in Washington, D.C., my interest in public health evolved even though I did not know of the official name, public health. At the time, I wanted to be a lawyer and averted from anything science or math related. Yet, I cared about my community and I wanted to make a difference. I rediscovered my interest in public health in college as a biology major. During my Spelman CollegeShow MoreRelatedThe Hot Zone By Richard Preston2745 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction With horrifying details and graphic evidence that could scare even the toughest of people, Richard Preston tells the story of any American’s worst nightmare in his nonfiction novel; The Hot Zone. The words on the cover, â€Å"A Terrifying True Story†, make it more than clear to the reader that what they are about to read are some true facts that most would be hesitant to believe. Preston uses various shocking tales and interweaves factual information and scientific jargon to present his purposeRead MoreThe Hot Zone by Richard Preston1041 Words   |  4 Pages The Hot Zone, by Richard Preston, is a non-fiction story about the deadly virus (Ebola) spreading throughout the world. Certain strains of this virus are 90% fatal, and cause horrible symptoms, such as facial drooping, muscle aches, reddened eyes, and puking. The Ebola virus was traced back to a man named Charles Monet. After Monet, the virus spread rapidly, and it was leaving no survivors. Charles Monet was a Frenchman who moved to western Kenya, Africa, and worked for a sugar factory. Monet mostlyRead MoreBook Report: the Hot Zone by Richard Preston Essay684 Words   |  3 PagesBook Report: The Hot Zone by Richard Preston In October of l989, Macaque monkeys, housed at the Reston Primate Quarantine Unit in Reston, Virginia, began dying from a mysterious disease at an alarming rate. The monkeys, imported from the Philippines, were to be sold as laboratory animals. Twenty-nine of a shipment of one hundred died within a month. Dan Dalgard, the veterinarian who cared for the monkeys, feared they were dying from Simian Hemorrhagic Fever, a disease lethal to monkeys but harmlessRead MoreIsaiah Bouromphongsa . 2Nd Hour. Mrs. Klaren. 4/12/17.1013 Words   |  5 Pagesdestroy helper T cells of the immune system, causing a reduction of T cells. Ebola is an infectious and fatal disease that starts with fever and internal bleeding, spread through contact with infected bodily fluids by a filovirus. In The Hot Zone, Richard Preston compared the two viruses together often. HIV and Ebola both have similar methods of transmission, but Ebola is slightly easier to spread. The ways HIV and Ebola developed and came from the rain forest resemble each other. The fatality andRead MoreArgumentative Essay On The Hot Zone706 Words   |  3 PagesRichard Preston, the author of The Hot Zone, wanted us to believe two things. The first is that the viruses explained throughout the novel, such as Marburg and Ebola, are nature’s defense against the â€Å"infectious parasite† that the human race is on this planet. He emphasizes that the horrible viruses are the earth’s way of punishing the human race for taking over and for preventing their future expansion. The second thing he wanted us to believe is the idea that the Ebola virus could spread very rapidlyRead MoreGuinea Grass And The Mango Tree1627 Words   |  7 Pages Producers in an ecosystem are typically plants or other autotrophic organisms. The Hot Zone by Richard Preston implies that mango trees and African grasses serve as producers in their respective ecosystems. The mango tree is native to central Africa. Mango trees achieve heights of 90ft and widths of 80ft because of their deep-set roots and stable bases (Wanitprapha). The mango tree belongs to genus Mangifera and the most common mango species is Mangifera indica. The mango is a food source for frugivoresRead MoreEssay on Animal Rights442 Words   |  2 Pagesregulations to ensure a minimum of pain and suffering for the subjects(UNMC). Ultimately our overall understanding of diseases rests heavily upon studies of living systems, including animals. In the fight to save human lives, animals are vital. The Hot Zone reveals that animal research inadvertently led to an outbreak of Ebola near Washington DC. But this is a unique case where research has harmed humankind. The U.S. has recognized the importance of animal research and were it not for the Animals (Scientific)Read MoreDemon in the Freezer Overview1087 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Demon in the Freezer is a 2002 non-fiction book on the biological weapon agents smallpox and anthrax and how the American government develops defensive measures against them. It was written by journalist Richard Preston, also author of the best-selling book The Hot Zone (1994), about outbreaks of Ebola virus in Africa and Reston, Virginia and the US governments response to them. The book is primarily an account of the Smallpox Eradication Program (1967–80), the ongoing perceptionRead More The Ebola Virus: History, Occurrences, and Effects Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pagesis the sound of his bowels opening at the sphincter and venting blood. The blood is mixed with his intestinal lining. He has sloughed off his gut. The lining of his intestines have come off and are being expelled along with huge amounts of blood (Preston 17). Ebola, a virus which acquires its name from the Ebola River (located in Zaire, Africa), first emerged in September 1976, when it erupted simultaneously in 55 villages near the headwaters of the river. It seemed to come out of nowhere, andRead MoreTayy1004 Words   |  5 PagesSTUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS for â€Å"The Hot Zone† by Richard Preston Please indicate the page number(s) where you find the answers for each question. Reading Section I: pages 1-94 PART I: â€Å"THE SHADOW OF MOUNT ELGON† Something in the Forest 1. Describe the life of Charles Monet. What were his â€Å"hobbies†? 2. Where is Mount Elgon? Describe the surrounding environment. 3. How may Charles Monet have been exposed to a level 4 virus? 4. Describe the symptoms experienced

Effects of Modern Technology to Learning Habits of the...

â€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY TO STUDENTS† A Research Paper Submitted to: Professor Rhona Theresa S. Sambrano, M.A.T School of Medical Laboratory Science Far Eastern University Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for English 2 Albarico, Karl Marco S. Lim, Patrick Joseph C. March 2016 APPROVAL SHEET The research paper entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY†; prepared and submitted by Patrick Joseph C. Lim and Karl Marco S. Albarico, in partial fulfilment for the requirements in English II has been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance. _________________________________________ Rhona Theresa S. Sambrano, M.A.T Professor and†¦show more content†¦In an Information Age, we can easily solve mathematical equations with the use of calculator instead of solving it manually or using abacus which is limited only to some countries, we can use computers to research almost everything, there is also the mobile phones which makes us connected to each other to talk about the incoming projects, assignments and to take pictures of our lessons instead of taking down notes. Although there are many advantages of using Technology, there are also some risks that the students may encounter. Abusive use of Cell phones, Computers and the Internet may waste too much time because instead of studying they might just play games, chat with their friends, browse the web that is not related to their study points, another is that not all the information we got from the web is accurate, there are some information that are inaccurate or biased information since it can be edited by other and may give us wrong inform ation. Statement of the Problem 1. What is the importance of technology to students? 2. What are the commonly used gadgets used by the students? 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Technology to students? Assumptions of the Study 1. The use of Modern technology does not affect the students in their studies. 2. The use of Modern technology does have an effect toShow MoreRelatedAbstract Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology1316 Words   |  6 PagesDisadvantages of Modern Technology Based on the Perception of 2nd Year BSAMT Students in PATTS College of Aeronautics Gabriel Anselmo Renz Bautista Adrian Borja Wilfredo Buhayo III Gino De Jesus Patrick Domingo Statement of the Problem This study sought to identify the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology based on the perception of 2nd year BSAMT students. Specifically it answers the following questions 1. What are the reasons of the students in using modern technology? 2. WhatRead MoreStudy on the Effects of Study Habits1736 Words   |  7 Pagesas very important. Student need to develop time management skills. They must realize that there is a time to be in a class, a time to study, time for family, and time to socialize. The critical issue is recognition that there must be an appropriate balance. The more appropriate question is, â€Å"How can students study more effectively?† The use of gadgets as phones, video games, computers, text messaging, television, music, ipod, and tablet can all decrease the ability the student to learn. WhateverRead MoreAugmented Reality And Wearable Devices1401 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore the wireless Internet† (Pew Research Center). Summary The paper describes the many different ways augmental reality is contributing to the new era of technology. You will find the many different uses for augmented reality in healthcare such as practical surgeon operations and tracking activity. These technologies can advance the way students and surgeons can practice life-threatening surgeries or operations, with the aid of a wearable device that can act as an expert assistance. Tracking and monitoringRead MoreTechnology And Its Effects On Technology1411 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology and its Effects The term technology originated from the Greek word ‘technologia’. Technology refers to the use of machines and various tools that make our daily work lives simpler, easier and organized. The word also refers to the different tools, gadgets, and resources used by humans so as to help them control and adapt to their environment appropriately (Bridgman, 5}. Technology also refers to the knowledge of techniques and processes and is embedded mostly in machines used as factorsRead MoreWelcome Speech1448 Words   |  6 PagesI am delighted to be here with you today, as you start the first Conference on Research in Distance and Adult Learning in Asia (CRIDALA 2000). I congratulate the Open University of Hong Kong and its Centre for Research in Distance and Adult Learning (CRIDAL) for this endeavour. I am told that the conference will focus primarily on Asia, but the participants, over 100, have come from all over the world --- the subject is surely of global importance. Le t me therefore add a word of welcome to theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Physical, Learning, And Social Development Of Twenty First Century Children1477 Words   |  6 Pagesten-years-old and has used technology daily throughout her childhood, with concentrated use beginning around age 5. This fixation with technology may lead to problems during her preoperational and concrete developmental stages. I often find myself telling her to go play outside or to play in her room, as an attempt to encourage physical activity, but I don’t really have any concrete explanation as to why my pleas seem to consistently fail. I currently assume that technology is more detrimental thanRead MoreTechnology : A Scapegoat For Human Flaw1444 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology: A Scapegoat for Human Flaw Our society is heavily dependent on the latest technologies. The real and the virtual worlds are so intertwined that at times it is hard to separate the two. In â€Å"’Plug In Better’: A Manifesto†, Alexandra Samuel analyzes technology’s increasingly dominant role in our lives, and shows how its time consuming nature can get out of hand. The whole idea of completely unplugging is a relatively quick and painless, yet uninventive â€Å"solution that lets us avoid the muchRead MoreAttention Deficit : The Brain Syndrome Of Our Era1019 Words   |  5 Pagesconsiders the effect of technology on our brains. As we process increasing amounts of information at ever-faster speeds, Restak argues that our brains are undergoing â€Å"profound alterations† in order to adapt to the changing needs of our modern world. As technology connects us to more people, places, and information than ever before, Restak warns that we are losing important cognitive functions, i n particular our ability to focus and concentrate. However Restak fails to mention that technology has createdRead MoreEffect of Online Games Addiction on Study Habits1696 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially in the youth of modern era in Batangas. Virtual or cyber games over internet are direct personally to each individual user. It encourages and requires the participation of individual user or gamester. It is an inexpensive in the sense that the internet connections for the online games are easily accessible everywhere and anywhere and affordable these days. This aspect works in association with the personal characteristic and importance of discipline to the individual (student) gamester. The effectiveRead MoreHow Does Playing Music While Studying Relate to College Students Gpa?1746 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Students have the ability to play music while they are studying. Studies have shown mixed results when it comes to listening to music while studying. This present study examines the differences in music listening habits while studying of students with low and high GPAs. Students with low GPAs did not listen to music more than students with high GPAs while studying. However, when listening to music while reading was examined, there was a difference between low and high GPA students. Students

Challenges for the Accountants in Global Market-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Accounting in Global Organizations. Answer: Introduction The accountingfield has been experiencing a drastic changes presently. It is believe by many critics that Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) standards are obsolete. Global accounting is the accounting field that is becoming more important rapidly in a location where the companies have international locations all over the world. Companies dealing with finance faces several challenges when trying to adaptwith the required accounting principles that are ununiformed across the world. Global accounting is a field that is developing to address these issues (Chenhall Moers, 2015). The practices of accounting are implicated deeply in the present financial crisis and in proposals for recapitalization of the financial institutions and stability of restoration of the global financial system. This essay will discuss the theoretical and methodological gaps in the research of accounting that explains the failure for the anticipation of the crisis and limit the ability to respond and analyse to it. Objective The accounting practice in the twenty first century is no longer a traditional bean counting, but now has to become a hybrid accountant within the organization. They are at present facing intense challenges and are expected to adapt with rapid environmental changes of the business. The organisations demand for accountants who are more proactive, who are now expecting to become part of the management and is prepared to accept the issues and challenges that are forthcoming (Gunarathne Lee, 2015). The purpose of this report is to highlight issues faced by the modern global accountants in adapting with the on organizational and environmental factors, which are the chief contributor to the vital issues that the accountants are facing at present. Scope The constant changes in the organizational environment impact the changes in practices of accounting. The advancement of the accounting practice has drastically altered the profession of Accounting. The conceptual framework that was established by the IFRS to show how the task and role of accountants is impacted by the features drive to the change both organizational and environmental factors. The vast evolution of the profession of accounting is due to both organizational and environmental factors. External factors includes the forces outside the organization like the environmental factors like the globalization, market competition and information technology advancements that leads to the changes in organizations activities. It also represents the techniques of the operations and management that would enable the accountants to survive and succeed in adapting to the changes in their environment (McFarlin Sweeney, 2014). On the other hand there are the internal factors that is direct ly influenced by the organization to change, which is known as organizational factors, these includes the style of management, activities that are customer-oriented and change in the pattern of work. Both the factors have direct and indirect impact on the changes in roles and tasks of the global accountants within the organization. Therefore, both organizational and environmental factors are proposed by this study as major contributors to isuess that the accountants are facing in the recent years. Literature Review As said by Guthrie Parker (2016), it is a known fact that in the present global marketthere is a constant change in the techniques and procedures of the accountants at a great speed and the faster it is accepted and realized by the organizations and the business groups it will be better for them to increase their operational efficiency. The accounting and professional services profession changing, standing and reorganizing in front of many challenges of the modern world. The discussion deals with the various critical reviews and articles of the renowned authors and the feedback of the various accountants about the factors that believe have the greatest impact over their job and the technique in determining the modern successful accounting practices and how they are distinguished them from the rest of the factors (Hiebl, et.al., 2015). In this context, Firstly, it can be said that the technological revolution is taking over and defining every single aspect of the modern world and economy. The new trends in the technology and the accounting software that specialized and is not considered as just a useful tool for calculation anymore, but it is seen as an integral part of the accounting profession. As the speed of information increases, the demands for a timelier, information that up-to-date has increased. The modern technology has automated many accounting functions and in many cases has eliminated the layers of staff of the accountants that were once used to complete complex tasks. The financial Transactions in the business can now be done with fewer steps and with the involvement of fewer people involved. However, Otley (2016) has argued with the fact and has said that While this has greatly increased efficiency, it also has made it difficult to keep important duties segregated. This can compromise internal contro ls and increase the risk of fraud. New safeguards have to be developed and included in tomorrows technology. It is possible to increase efficiency in such a way that maintains internal controls. Therefore according to his statement it can be said that the accounting development has both pros and cons in the business environment. Next, the discussion states the one idea that is firmly believedby many scholars and they have agreed to it that the business firms need to adapt and succeed in therecent change accounting and finance environments. The professionals now needa more wide range of skills that ever before. This goes for the all level practitioners and the concept implies that two very important considerations are to be taken in hand by them. As Simionescu Bica, (2016) has said the First consideration is the accountants need to communicate more effectively and efficiently with one another and also with its stakeholders and clients. The technology revolution does not eliminates the need of a regular communication but on the contrary as Fullerton Kennedy Widener (2014) has pointed out it makes it even more necessary and vital for maintaining the high level and avoiding unforced errors and misunderstandings. Another vital skill of the today successful accountant is thegrowth of constant needfor making the a ccounting process to be more analytical. The accountants must not only be able to not only produce financial reports and perform complex calculations, but also identify and explain what is meaningful in their data or findings. They need to be able to answer the questions such as the reason and the next alternative action that is to be taken in the transactions. Adaptability is a crucial skill and feature that an accountant must possess in the todays conditions of globalization. However, Taleb, Gibson Hovey (2015) has added and thattalent itself today is absolutely not enough it should be a global talent. It means that the global talent helps professionals to work equally well with a middle sized client from their own country and a big corporation from another continent. The knowing and applying of the international accounting standards together with the right global skills and experience of the professionals makes the accounting today a truly international and comprehensive servic e which can be performed from a distance for the purposes of cost savings or any other considerations that a company may have. The standardization of the accounting contributes to the increasing of the quality of the professionals with the right skills. If a practice is looking to hire for example a payroll expert, it will not be now choosing among applicants from the same country but from the continent or from the entire globe which was absolutely unthinkable only few years ago. The need for professionals with the right skills, regardless where they are located, drives more and more companies to seek talent globally. The last point in this regard as someone has said, about the ethics in the profession of accounting which has been a morenecessary factor in the recent times. This highlights the importance that accountants must attach to ethics. Someone has highlighted in this regurd by saying that It is imperative that accountants and auditors strictly follow sound ethical principles. Failure to do so can ruin careers, firms and corporations and severely damage the reputation of the accounting profession as a whole. The guidelines for ethicsmust be incorporated into all types of accounting training that includes both in-house training and formal continuing education, as well as university curriculum. As said by Howieson (2014) The accountants of today and tomorrow must adhere to the highest ethical standards for the good of their career, their firms and the profession as a whole. According to the research conducted by the IFAC SMP Committee that represented about twenty accountancy organizations from all over the world, they have recognized many of the same issues of accounting when they highlighted the four major challenges that they went across in the global finance and accounting profession. The researchers De Lange, Jackling, Suwardy (2015) has told that the major factors that are the primary issues in the accounting practices at present are the 4Ts that are: Talent - The accounting profession is facing an intense war for talent that is further complicated by a disengaged and overwhelmed workforce. The severe talent shortage in the global finance market that would adapt and deal with the changes in the accounting practice. Technology - As said by Pavlova(2016) technology in terms of the financial accounting practice is both a blessinganda curse. Most of the accountants are in a struggle to cope up with the internal technology within their businesses and externally with the businesses of the customers. However someone has argues in this regard that technologyis the only key that enhances the productivity and enables transformation in the business process, and therefore saving time and engaging employees. Time - This is one of the major issues that the accountants are facing as they struggle with information overload and doing more with less. Chatfield Vangermeersch (2014) has added that This has the impact of forcing them deeper in the day to day, trying to keep up, instead of being proactive for clients and their organizations. Transformation This is one of the most trending word the accounting firm leaders are hearingand they realize the tremendous opportunities that are available with value-added services that clients truly want and need. This is showing up in these studies as consulting and advisory services, most of which can be made possible with technology. These issues facing small to medium practices and their clients are indeed the same the world over. The King Fitzgerald (2016) believes that these issues are impacted by the underlying hard trends of demographics, exponential technology growth, and globalization. These trends are essentially future facts and will happen, whether it is pleasant it or not. He has given a few guidelines to tackle with the issue and overcome them and hence the work of the accountants would be easier. He has advised that initially the accountants need to initiate change before you have to. These exponential times call for leaders who can lead the transformation of their businesses before they face the 'weak signals of disruptive change' that will force them to change. In this context Lin (2017) has also added that the organizations need to digitalize their techniques of accounting. Applying the technology to create efficiency and effectiveness, would enable them to the serve customers better and engage t he resources optimally. New technologies are supporting new business models that can drive transformation. In addition to it there is a need to elevate the skills and maximize the current and new technology for enhancement of accounting practices and become more proactive and future-focused. Bennett James (2017) have identified the following skills to adapt and improvise in their jobs which includeanticipation, the missing competency for accountants and finance professionals. As Krishnan Joshi (2017) has advised in this context Protect your core purpose and values. In periods of rapid change, it is important to tell your team what will not change, which is often your purpose and values. The positive notion the research is that despite these challenges, the accounting firms all over the world continue to be among the most profitable businesses (Abdallah, 2017). That means it is great time to become an 'opportunity manager' and learn how to ride these big waves of change. Conclusion In the recent trend in the business environments, the accountants in the organizations are experiencing a significant changes of tasks and role. Hence, to be competent and reliable in an organization, the accountants should proactively involve in strategic, leadership, management, operational alignment and long-life improvement and learning. They are expected to be able to work closely with all operational managers in the top level. They can also provide assistance to the management by providing various information that is valuable in the process of decisions making. They can include the issues relating to value added activities. The fast changing environment requires them to adapt with the unexpected changes. They are no longer regarded as conservative accountants. One of the biggest challenges for the accountants at present is the preparation to face globalization in local and global market. Globalization, intense competition, changing governmental regul00ation and innovation in te chnology led to changes in market environment which have greater impact to an organization. Many of the companies have started going global by undertaking business activities across national frontiers. As a result, the business transaction becomes voluminous and complex to account for. However, with technology advancement, more innovative software and other tools have been developed to assist the accountants in performing their task. This reflects that that todays business environment cannot operate without technology. The future of accountants depends on how they able to adapt and respond to emerging technologies. As the world becoming unified, entity with board less transactions worldwide need for standardization. This definitely led accounting profession under intense pressure to warrant comparisons uniformity. Globalization and intense competition have shifted companies focus towards meeting customers needs and their core activities. The accountants have significant role in purs uing business survival and success as they are expected to be proactively involved in value creation activities and propose solution to the management. Reference List Abdallah, W. (2017). Management Accounting Practices in the Global Business Environment: the Case of the Middle East. Bennett, M., James, P. (Eds.). (2017).The Green bottom line: environmental accounting for management: current practice and future trends. Routledge. Chatfield, M., Vangermeersch, R. (Eds.). (2014).The history of accounting (RLE accounting): an international encylopedia. Routledge. Chenhall, R. H., Moers, F. (2015). The role of innovation in the evolution of management accounting and its integration into management control.Accounting, Organizations and Society,47, 1-13. De Lange, P., Jackling, B., Suwardy, T. (2015). Continuing professional development in the accounting profession: practices and perceptions from the Asia Pacific Region.Accounting Education,24(1), 41-56. Fullerton, R. R., Kennedy, F. A., Widener, S. K. (2014). Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices.Journal of Operations Management,32(7-8), 414-428. Gunarathne, N., Lee, K. H. (2015). Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) for environmental management and organizational change: An eco-control approach.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,11(3), 362-383. Guthrie, J., Parker, L. D. (2016). Whither the accounting profession, accountants and accounting researchers? Commentary and projections.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(1), 2-10. Hiebl, M. R., Duller, C., Feldbauer-Durstmller, B., Ulrich, P. (2015). Family Influence and Management Accounting Usage.Schmalenbach Business Review,67(3), 368-404. Howieson, B., Hancock, P., Segal, N., Kavanagh, M., Tempone, I., Kent, J. (2014). Who should teach what? Australian perceptions of the roles of universities and practice in the education of professional accountants.Journal of Accounting Education,32(3), 259-275. King, R., Fitzgerald, L. (2016). Challenges facing the accounting profession: maintaining relevance in a changing environment.Perspectives on Contemporary Professional Work (S. 187-210). Edward Elgar Publishing. Krishnan, A., Joshi, P. L. (2017). Evolution and development of management accounting practices in Thailand.The Routledge Handbook of Accounting in Asia, 95. Lin, Z. (2017). PART II: Management accounting. InThe Routledge Handbook of Accounting in Asia(pp. 105-108). Routledge. McFarlin, D., Sweeney, P. D. (2014).International management: strategic opportunities cultural challenges. Routledge. Otley, D. (2016). The contingency theory of management accounting and control: 19802014.Management accounting research,31, 45-62. Pavlova, M. (2016). Evolution of management accounting and its instruments in municipalities management.Yearbook of St Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration,13(1), 201-215. Simionescu, S., Bica, E. (2016). Influence Factors Social and Cultural Rights on the Evolution of Management Accounting.Journal of Advanced Research in Management,7(2 (14)), 96. Taleb, M. A., Gibson, B., Hovey, M. (2015). Fifty years of Sustainability Accounting: does accounting for income in business sustainability really exist?.International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting,5(1), 36-47.

Core Business of Healthcare Safety Standards

Question: Describe about the Core Business of Healthcare for Safety Standards. Answer: Introduction: The essay has been done with the aim of identifying the core business of the health care institution. The essay covers the definition of the Process Data particularly in relation to the safety and quality on the practices of the health care and nursing aspects in clear terms. The Outcome Data in respect to the quality and the safety of the health care and nursing have also discussed in the essay. The safety of the patients and the quality of the services are two important aspects of the health care institutions. These two aspects have been the main aspects that the major concern of the study. The collection of the process data and the reason behind the same has been covered in the essay. The contribution of both the process data and outcome data on the improvement of the quality and safety of the services provided to the patients by the health care institutions and the nursing functions. Discussion: Criteria One: Context and Identified Data Clearly identify the aims and core business of health care institutions The prime important aim of health care institutions is to provide quality services. This quality of the services could be ensured if the health care institutions are able to retain the safety of the patients. The safety and the quality of the health care services depend on the efforts of the institutions to maintain the safety standards. The patients must be given optimum safety. The services of the practitioners towards the patients must be quality wise best. The core business of the health care institutions is to provide care and best health solutions and treatments to the patients. It is very important that the health care institutions assure maximum satisfaction to the patients. The quality of the services could be measured by the different standards like ACSQHC standards. The safety of the medication and the identification of the patients for the suitable procedure are also important for the health care organizations. The main aim of the business of the health care organization is to provide the service that could meet the expectations of the customers. The services must be able to satisfy the needs of the customers. The satisfaction of the customers is directly related to the expansion of the market and the business of the organizations. The health care institutions take care of the several requirements of the patients and arrange for the required treatment and care. The nursing is also an integral part of the mainstream functions or the services provided by the health care institutions. The nursing services should also satisfy the needs of the patients (DOH, 2016). The quality is an abstract item that could not be measured certainly with any specific measuring unit but it could be felt when the services of a particular organization become able to cater the outcome that is desired by the end users (Donabedian, 2016). There are certain roles and responsibilities of the health care organizations like the following: The organization has to provide the services that are quality wise best. The organizations have to retain the quality of the services. The organizations have to ensure the conformance of the standards of quality of the health care services. The safety of the patients is also another very important service that should be ensured by the organizations. There should be effective nursing practices. The entire system of care giving must be controlled and organized. For the enhancement of the quality of the services the health care organizations could implement the techniques of the Total Quality Management and Quality Improvement (WHO, 2007). The evaluation of the quality of the services of the health care organizations is very important and the organizations have to assure the same with the help of Quality assurance and Continuous Quality Improvement. The health care organizations must involve the customers, patients and even the ones providing the care for the enhancement of the quality of the services and the safety (Safetyandquality, 2011). Clearly defines and discusses Process Data particularly in relation to safety and quality in health care and nursing The concept of the Process Data has been established by Avedis Donabedian to measure the quality of the services to ensure the safe and healthy outcomes to the patients. The concept of Process Data is an important part of the model of Donabedian. There are various transactions that take place in the health care institutions between the care givers and the patients. All these transactions have to be noted down in a systemic way so that the regular delivery of the services could be monitored and evaluated. The process data consists of all the intricate activities during the delivery of the services by the health care institutions. The evaluation of the process is as important as the evaluation of the quality of the services (Kunkel, Rosenqvist, Westerling, 2007). There are reports of medical transactions from where the needful information could be easily retrieved. The reports also contain the feedbacks of the patients and utilized for the evaluation of the services of the health care units. The records of the regular medical visits are also kept in the process data (Hughes, 2008). The process data is used to analyze the ability of the services to assure and enhance quality and safety to the patients by the health care institutions. The regular reports would help to identify the areas of the gaps where additional care is needed. Cleary defines and discusses Outcome Data in relations to quality and safety in health care and nursing Donabedian has come up with his model where the outcome data is also another important part. The outcome data contains the manifestations of the changes and nature of behaviour and the status of the health on the patients or the entire population. The main aim of the health care institutions is to ensure best quality of the services. This objective could be assured with the help of the analysis of the outcome data. The effects of the changes on the attitudes of the patients and the services provided to them could be best evaluated with the help of the outcome data (Mitchell, 2016). The services of the health care organizations must be done effectively but this is not so easy for the institutions to maintain. The quality and safety of the services of the health care units could be better analyzed with the help of the outcome data as the effects or the feedbacks could be ascertained and evaluated. The quality of the services could be assessed with the help of the established connection between the two important documents, process and outcome data. The follow-ups could be conducted on long term if the connection between the two data is established accordingly and evaluated (Burton, 2016). Crietria Two: Analysis and Application through use of example: Specifically and succinctly identifies and discusses one example of a clinical care activity in relation to safety and quality, for which process data and outcome data can be identified: For the purpose of the identification of the process data and the outcome data in a clinical care activity related to safety and quality, an instance at the Sydney Adventist Hospital is put forward in this essay. The case discusses about an incident at the hospital where one of the snake bite victims was admitted to few years back. The patient was in a serious condition as he was bitten by a rattlesnake. He was a young boy of around 20 years of age and was bitten by the snake while he was herding his cattle in the forest near his home in Sydney. He was brought to the hospital by his friends who accompanied him in herding of cattle. Now, this medical case can be analyzed for quality by the model invented by Donabedian. He has suggested three vital criteria in order to assess the service quality and safety at a healthcare organization. These criteria are: Structure Data, Process Data and Outcome Data(Kunke, 2007). The Structure Data refers to the structure of the hospital building including the equipments and staffs. The Process Data refers to the various clinical procedures implemented and proper record-keeping of those. The Outcome Data is the final result of the particular medical process or treatment on the patient and its impact on the hospital(Parand, 2014). Referring to the case, it can be said that immediately on admission the boy was admitted to the emergency department by the paramedic staffs those were very prompt in transferring the patient to the emergency ward while other staffs did the form filling process. The doctor on duty then arrived at the scenario and he noted down all the vital signs of the patient like BP, sugar levels, pulse rate, etc. He examined the wound and immediately administered anti-venom injection to the boy. The paramedics and nurses on duty noted down all the diagnosis of the patient as mentioned by the doctor, including the dosage of every medicine or injec tion that was administered and needed to be administered in future. The nurses, the doctor himself and all the involved staffs and employees of the hospital did their bit of record keeping and were very prompt to deal with the ailing patient. This is the example of the Process Data. Finally the boy recovered and was discharged after two days absolutely hale and hearty. The boy was one satisfied customer along with his family and friends. The reputation of the hospital along with the doctors, staffs and employees also increased manifold. This is an example of Outcome Data(safetyandquality, 2011). Clear critical analysis of scholarly literature to support the following: Discussion of what process data may be collected and the rationale for collection of such data: The collection of the process data is extremely important for any health professional for maintaining records of each and every case under him or which he was a part of. This helps in the future reference of the cases and especially in quality audits those are performed. The hallmark of a reputed and patient-focused healthcare organization is the care given towards the safety and quality of the healthcare services provided. Thus, the keeping of the Process Data is a very crucial part of the quality analysis process of a hospital. The success of a hospital in delivering high quality and ethical services to the patients depends on this process of recording and documenting the Process Data by all the medical personnel belonging to different departments and levels of job hierarchy in the hospital. This is also evident in the said case of the Sydney Adventist Hospital(OGrady, 2008). Discussion of what outcome data may be collected and the rationale for collection of such data: The collection and recording of the Outcome Data is also equally important for a healthcare organization to analyze the safety and the quality of the services provided. Each and every healthcare personnel should be responsible enough to collect and document the Outcome Data of the cases each of them have handled those depict the aftermaths of all those cases and whether the patients recovered or not(Safetyandquality, 2010). The Outcome Data also analyzes the effects on the reputation of the healthcare organization after each such case. The rationale for maintenance of such Outcome Data is that these data act as effective inputs in undertaking safety and quality audits within the hospital. This is to be done to understand the rate of success of delivering the right kind of medical services to the patients. Thus, quality and safety audits related to the healthcare units are ineffective if there is no proper recording of the Outcome Data along with the Process Data (NCBI, 2015). Critically discuss how the both the process data and outcome data may be used to improve quality and safety for patients: The collection and analysis of the Process Data and the Outcome Data are indispensable for improving the safety and quality of services to the patients in the healthcare organizations. It is the responsibility of the healthcare professionals to keep track of all the medical proceedings of each of the cases those are admitted to the hospitals. The various details of the treatments including all the vital sign readings during all the medical procedures, the medicines administered, the doctors engaged in the treatment, the details of the support staffs like paramedics, nurses and other personnel are to be maintained to ensure that the Process Data are collected and recorded in a systematic manner. Similarly, the Outcome Data should also be recorded with diligence and honesty such that future references can be made during the quality audit. The various outcomes of each of the medical cases with the hospital help to determine the success rate of the hospital. It also identifies the streng ths as well as the loopholes of the medical services provide. Thus, both the Process Data and Outcome Data complement each other to provide a meaningful and credible safety and quality analysis in a healthcare organization. This is also evident in the discussed case of the Sydney Adventist Hospital(Ronda, 2008). Conclusion: On a concluding note to this essay it is important to comprehend that the safety and quality check is one of the key aspects in ensuring high quality healthcare services to the patients. Every healthcare unit should be conducting these safety and quality audits from time to time in order to ascertain the areas of strengths and weaknesses. The healthcare sector is a service industry and therefore the success of the industry and the healthcare units under it depends on the seamless delivery of ethical, honest, empathetic and accountable healthcare services. The analysis of the quality and safety principles is conducted in the healthcare sector using one of the most popular models developed by Donabedian. This model analyzes the safety and quality of healthcare services through three crucial factors namely: Structure Data, Process Data and Outcome Data. This particular case of the Sydney Adventist Hospital is expected to reflect the concept of safety and quality evaluation in the healthcare sector and also to understand its impact on the growth and sustainability of the healthcare organizations. References: Burton, T. (2016). Why Process Measures Are Often More Important Than Outcome Measures in Healthcare. Retrieved from .healthcatalyst: https://www.healthcatalyst.com/process-vs-outcome-measures-healthcare DOH. (2016). Why is "Quality" Health Care Important? Retrieved from web.doh.state.nj: https://web.doh.state.nj.us/apps2/Hpr/importance.shtml Donabedian, A. (2016). The Quality of Care. Retrieved from nursingworld: https://www.nursingworld.org/DocumentVault/Care-Coordination-Panel-Docs/background-docs/Jun-4-Mtg-docs/The-Quality-of-CareHowCanItBeAssessed-Donabedian1988.pdf Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses . Retrieved from archive.ahrq: https://archive.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/resources/nursing/resources/nurseshdbk/nurseshdbk.pdf Kunke, S. (2007). The structure of quality systems is important to the process and outcome, an empirical study of 386 hospital departments in Sweden. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1959199/ Kunkel, S., Rosenqvist, U., Westerling, R. (2007). The structure of quality systems is important to the process and outcome, an empirical study of 386 hospital departments in Sweden. Retrieved from .ncbi.nlm.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1959199/ Mitchell, P. H. (2016). Chapter 1Defining Patient Safety and Quality Care. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2681/ NCBI. (2015). Quality Assurance, Health Care. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68011785 OGrady, E. T. (2008). Advanced Practice Registered Nurses: The Impact on Patient Safety and Quality. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2641/ Parand, A. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: a systematic review. Retrieved from bmjopen.bmj: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/9/e005055.full Ronda, G. H. (2008). Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses . 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