Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Biographies Edgar Allan Poe Essayws

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poes contributions to American literature have go bad increasingly more than prominent as the years have passed. As brusk fiction has bend a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poes theories atomic number 18 studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy existence, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture beauty through poetical form. Indeed, what he left lowlife for the literary world was his gifted genius, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seemed to surround Poes life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19,1809 in Boston Massachusetts, the second tidings of David and Eliza Poe. Soon afterward, David Poe throw out the family. Two-years later Eliza passed away, succumbing to tuberculosis. After her death, Poe, his infant sister, Rosalie, and brother William were separated. William was sent to live with their paternal grandparents. Poe moved to Richmond Virginia to live with backside and Fannie Allan Rosalie was taken in by some other family in Richmond (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a successful businessman the poverty that Poe had been accustomed to was a thing of the past. Although not extravagant with Poe, John Allan ensured that he had a quality education. epoch in living in England with the Allans, he attended private academies and continued his education in private schools when they returned to the separates. Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. While there, he accumulated a large debt. He appealed to John Allan to repay the debts but Allan refused. He believed that Poe was in debt due to gambling and his dependence to alcohol (Silverman 29-38).The superior contributor to Poes despair would have to be his self-inflicted addiction to alcohol. His foster familys social status do his alcoholism a shameful vice, and a source of conflict. development it as an escape of sorts, Poes life was greatly affected by the s ubstance, disrupting his work, his first engagement, and his time with his foster family. After he left his family, he tried to mention a life in Boston, where he found his relatives poor, but giving. Reunited with his brother, William, Poe found him dying at the haunting age of 24. His writing became more insistent, as he found himself rejected by several newspapers. He eventually married his cousin, Virginia, who b... ...an Poes life was one full of despair and depression. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. Today, his words are being regarded with a newfound significance, for short fiction has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his step forward in literary circles was uncertain before, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today.Works CitedHart, James David. The Oxford Companion t o American Literature. New York Oxford University Press, 1983Jacobs, Robert D. Poe Journalist & Critic. Baton Rouge lanthanum State University Press, 1969.May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1991.Poe, Edgar Allan. Tales of Mystery and Imagination. Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1993Rosenheim, Shawn, and Stephen Rachman, eds. The American Face of Edgar Allan Poe. Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe, Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York Harper 1992 Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Biographies Edgar Allan Poe EssaywsEdgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poes contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poes theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy existence, Poe did experience mom ents of joy, and desired to capture beauty through poetical form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genius, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seemed to surround Poes life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19,1809 in Boston Massachusetts, the second son of David and Eliza Poe. Soon afterward, David Poe abandoned the family. Two-years later Eliza passed away, succumbing to tuberculosis. After her death, Poe, his infant sister, Rosalie, and brother William were separated. William was sent to live with their paternal grandparents. Poe moved to Richmond Virginia to live with John and Fannie Allan Rosalie was taken in by another family in Richmond (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a successful businessman the poverty that Poe had been accustomed to was a thing of the past. Although not extravagant with Poe, John Allan ensured that he had a quality education. While in living in England with the Allans, he attend ed private academies and continued his education in private schools when they returned to the states. Poe enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. While there, he accumulated a large debt. He appealed to John Allan to repay the debts but Allan refused. He believed that Poe was in debt due to gambling and his addiction to alcohol (Silverman 29-38).The greatest contributor to Poes despair would have to be his self-inflicted addiction to alcohol. His foster familys social status made his alcoholism a shameful vice, and a source of conflict. Using it as an escape of sorts, Poes life was greatly affected by the substance, disrupting his work, his first engagement, and his time with his foster family. After he left his family, he tried to make a life in Boston, where he found his relatives poor, but giving. Reunited with his brother, William, Poe found him dying at the haunting age of 24. His writing became more insistent, as he found himself rejected by several newspapers. He e ventually married his cousin, Virginia, who b... ...an Poes life was one full of despair and depression. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. Today, his words are being regarded with a newfound significance, for short fiction has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his place in literary circles was uncertain before, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today.Works CitedHart, James David. The Oxford Companion to American Literature. New York Oxford University Press, 1983Jacobs, Robert D. Poe Journalist & Critic. Baton Rouge Louisiana State University Press, 1969.May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1991.Poe, Edgar Allan. Tales of Mystery and Imagination. Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1993Rosenheim, Shawn, and Stephe n Rachman, eds. The American Face of Edgar Allan Poe. Baltimore The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995 Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe, Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York Harper 1992

The Rise Of Christianity Essay -- Religion Christian Christianity

The rise of Christianity in doctrine One influential cult was ground upon a mystical interpretation of Plato. Neo-Platonism was like a rational science that attempted to break down and describe every aspect of the divine nerve center and its relationship with the human soul. An Alexandrian Jew named Philo tried using classic philosophy to interpret the Jewish scriptures. He wanted to unite the two traditions by suggesting that the Greek philosophers had been inspired by the same God who had revealed himself to the Jews. But only Christianity had the right combination of ingredients to appeal to both the masses and also eventually the ruling elite. base on ancient scriptures, with a solid creation myth, its own collection of inspired writings, a convincing story about the appearance of God as a man (e.g. Jesus), a morality based upon personal maturity rather than harsh punishment, role models for both men and women, and a good organizational structure. Christianity was destined to grow to become the dominant religion. Greek philosophy was eventually extinguished by the hostility of Christianity towards other touch sensations. Many of the followers of Greek philosophy were forced to move to Syria and other eastern countries to escape persecution by the Christian authorities. Many of the books they carried with them were translated into other languages. It would not be until the crusades, almost one thousand age later that Greek philosophy would be rediscovered by the Greek and Roman worlds. An early Church father, Augustine k bran-new that Christianity was not compatible with science. For Christians, there was no need for new discoveries. Everything that mankind would ever need to know about God, nature, or humanity was to be found in the... ...d 330 BC. The teachings and beliefs of both the Greeks and the Romans posed a threat the Judaism belief system. All of Jesus teachings were based solely on the Law. During the time of the Roman occupation, the Chris tian movement found its way back into Rome and Greece, primarily through capital of Minnesota of Tarsus (who re-named himself Paul the Apostle). Saul was a Jewish Pharisee who was converted to Christianity by a vision from God. The Chrisitan philosophy was summarized by Jesus himself when He said You shall love the professional your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind. and You shall love your neighbour as yourself. (Matt. 2237, 39) Sources Citedhttp//www.evolutionary-metaphysics.net/ancient_greek_philosophy.html http//www.faqfarm.com/Q/What_principle_Christianized_philosophical_issueshttp//www.rep.routledge.com/article/B078

Amish Business Relations Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Amish Business RelationsThe Amish are a group of people that apprise separation from the outside world. A group that originated from Switzerland is centered in the United States and Canada. Their rules as a society require farming and personal simplicity as their dash of life. the luxury of having electricity and telephones are not accepted in this odd route of life. Their transportation is reduced to horse and carriages as a way for them to remain simple. These old order Amish traditions are very strictly enforced. Those who break from the Amish usually join the Mennonites, a society with similar rules and values, just less strict.As a way for their society to survive as a culture they have turned to the business of selling the products that these people grow and make. The Amish are finely craftsmen, skilled in everything from building the barns to sewing some of the finest quilts around. In recent years, many Amish have opened small shops to help supplement their modest stipen d from farming. Skills handed down from generation to generation have resulted in the best quality products, a proud Amish tradition.Of course, the Amish did not choose this newly found way of life, they were forced in by greater urbanization and the diminished availability and affordability of farmland. They would rather stay and go into small business than move to a more(prenominal) rural state. One of the most known societies is in the town of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. There is an estimated 1,000...

Natural Forces :: essays research papers

Natural Forces A natural force is a power brought on by nature. Natural forces, unlike those of other powers, are uncontrollable. When a hurricane passes along the coast, a bolt of lightning strikes a rooftop, and a volcano erupts, these are whole examples of natural forces. Natural forces can have devastating effects on wildlife, humans, and the earth itself. Our effects to resist these occurrences, our only way to cope with such devastating forces of nature are to observe, learn, and prepare ourselves for the worst. I believe that almost everyone has had at least one experience with natural forces. My experience of a tremendous force of nature occurred when my mother and I were in a gondola car and wholly of a sudden a twister passed through the town.Towards the end of 1989, my family and I were on vacation in Fort Myers, Florida. We drove from Trenton, New Jersey all the way to Florida where my grandfather lived. It was a long trip to undergo, especially being six years old an d knowing that my father never stopped the car. By the time we arrived at Fort Myers, it was a beautiful sunny day. The wind was gusting enough to pull my hair back, and I was admiring the palm trees, coconuts, and lizards near the Gulf of Mexico. The offset printing few days were nice, but little did I know that I would soon be caught in the middle of a twister.I can understandably remember being in the car on a humid day with a little overcast. We were driving in the car when all of a sudden the wind started to pick up and it started raining a bit. Within five minutes, the weather progressed and there was so much wind blowing around the car that we could no longer hear the radio. I can remember when I saw a stop sign spinning in circles like a &8220merry-go-round with electrical problems. I do not remember how my mother got us home so quickly and where we were because all around us was a loggerheaded gray fog. However, all I can recall from that point on was sitting with my head in my lap in the back seat of the car. I never witnessed the true power of nature until this incident.There was definitely a lesson to be learned from my experience that day in the car.

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path

In the short story, A Worn Path Eudora Weltys plot is not on the whole that relieve oneself in the beginning, alone progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, must outmatch the odds against her as she valiantly travels through many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down a worn path. It is at this point that all of Weltys readers hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she works an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by taking a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, there argon many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenixs adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the timber are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship that most of us will neer have to face, but inPhoenixs case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandsons life. Since she isIn this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy lifes luxuries as others do andMust make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacksthe money to pay for transportation to and from town therefore, she starts down her pathcarrying a thin, small cane made from an umbrella (132). Although Welty never reallyemphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she doesnot have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her walk properly. another(prenominal)conflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a huntershe encounters in... ...cidents indicate that Phoenix adapts to the dangers that face her,and allows the plot to then become clear. Welty catches the readers attention by how real her short story seems. Eventhough many people may never experience P hoenixs problems, the descriptions andimages she uses allows her to create a powerful story in which many feel they can relateto in some way. Her three major problems, poverty, old age, and some form of a journey,are all obstacles which all of her readers will one day face as they travel throughtheir own paths. Works CitedJacobs, Henry E. and Roberts, Edgar V. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 5th ed. in the raw Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998 131-137.Oates, Joyce C. Eudora Welty. Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1973 ed. 361.Vande Kieft, Ruth M. Eudora Welty. New York Twayne Publishers, 1987.

Overcoming the Odds in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path Essays -- Worn Path

In the short explanation, A Worn Path Eudora Weltys plot is not alone that clear in the beginning, but progresses as her character carries on against the overwhelming forces against her. In this short story a black elderly woman, Phoenix Jackson, moldiness overcome the odds against her as she valiantly travels by many obstacles in order to contribute to the wellness of her grandson, for whom she is making this trip down a exhausted path. It is at this point that whole of Weltys readers hearts open up to this poor, elderly woman as she makes an attempt to carry on her love for her grandson by fetching a long journey down a familiar path in order to get medication that seems to help ease his sickness pains. However, on that point are many forces against Phoenix that Welty includes in her story in order to make Phoenixs adventure end in a victory. Poverty, old age, and her journey through the woods are all of the odds which Phoenix must overcome. Poverty is a major hardship tha t most of us will never take away to face, but inPhoenixs case, poverty is present everyday in her and her grandsons life. Since she isIn this state of poverty, Phoenix is not able to enjoy lifes luxuries as others do and essential make do with what she can. As she begins her journey, it becomes clear that she lacksthe money to pay for transportation to and from town therefore, she starts down her pathcarrying a thin, small cane made from an umbrella (132). Although Welty never reallyemphasizes what this is used for the reader can assume that she uses it because she doesnot have the money to buy the actual cane needed to help her offer properly. Anotherconflict dealing with poverty arouses when she feels it necessary to steal from a huntershe encounters in... ...cidents indicate that Phoenix adapts to the dangers that face her,and allows the plot to then become clear. Welty catches the readers assistance by how real her short story seems. Eventhough many people may never experi ence Phoenixs problems, the descriptions andimages she uses allows her to create a powerful story in which many feel they can relateto in some way. Her three major problems, poverty, old age, and some form of a journey,are all obstacles which all of her readers will one day face as they travel throughtheir own paths. Works CitedJacobs, Henry E. and Roberts, Edgar V. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. fifth ed. new Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998 131-137.Oates, Joyce C. Eudora Welty. Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1973 ed. 361.Vande Kieft, Ruth M. Eudora Welty. New York Twayne Publishers, 1987.

The Brain & Its Functions

Opening Notes * Interest and research in the brain is at an completely-time pace The cure for some common diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons and Multiple Sclerosis has accelerated the efforts of many scientists * Many of the names for the objet darts of the brain have come from Latin and Grecian words * The easiest way to bunco about the brain is to tonus at it as three divisions the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain * Modern imaging has allowed us to study the brain and locate where grave functions are occurring * Functions do not happen in just one plain of the brainMany neural layers and areas are found in any one action that happens. * Some areas do appear to be predominantly pertain in certain functions. The hindbrain * The hindbrain is located where the spinal cord goes into the cranium * The branch area that we prove if the medulla. It is the swelling at the tip of the spinal cord. * It is concerned with all of our automatic functioning, such as breathi ng, heart rate and swallowing medulla controls all involuntary responses * reticular formation regulates residual and wakefulness reticular formation regulates sleep and wakefulnessInside the medulla is the reticulum activation system It is concerned with arousal, attention and sleep * The second part of the hindbrain that we see is the cerebellum Is sometimes called the small brain cerebellum controls ordinated motor activity e. g when you first learn to ride a bike, you have to think about everything you do. After you learn to ride a bike, it becomes totally automatic, and that is because of the cerebellum * The bordering part that we see is the ponsPons means bridgework in Greek and thats exactly what the pons is * It is a bridge taking in all of our sensory(a) information and taking it to the cerebral cortex to be interpreted. pons the bridge from brainstem to cortex The midbrain * The midbrain takes all of the incoming neural information and channels it to the correct par t of the cortex to be interpreted. * It is also involved in muscle tone and helps in sleep, wakefulness and attention. The forebrain * It is the virtually complicated part of the brain, and it is what separates us as human beings from other animals. When we first look inside the skull, what we see is the cerebrum. * The cerebrum is composed of two parts called cerebral hemispheres the right side and the left wing side * The outer covering of the cerebrum is called the cortex * It is made up of what is called convolutions the worm-like structures that you see when you look at the brain convolutions folds in the brain that store memories * We can look at the cortex in another way and divide the cortex into four sections called lobes function of the lobe is to interpret information coming in from our senses cortex surface layer of brainLobes * Located in the back of the head is the occipital lobe. * The occipital lobe processes visual information, or what we see. occipital lobe int erprets visual information * Coming to the top of the head is the parietal lobe. * The parietal lobe processes information on pain, touch, temperature and insistence parietal lobe interprets temperature, pain, pressure and touch * Located on the sides of our head, right above our ears, are the temporal lobes. * The temporal lobes process auditory information, emotion, and have a part in reminiscence temporal lobe interprets auditory information Located right above our forehead is our window dressing lobe it is the largest part of the cortex and the part of our brain that makes us human. * It is involved in speech production, logical and rational thought, and has the ability to understand and plan the future. frontal lobe controls speaking, thought and future planning * There are two areas behind the frontal lobe. * The first one is the motor cortex and it interprets our muscular sensations. motor cortex controls voluntary movements Right behind it is the sensory cortex and it is the part of the cortex that tries to coordinate all of the information coming in from all of our senses. sensory cortex processes body sensations Inside of the cerebrum is the limbic system * The limbic system is a uninitiate part of the cerebral cortex. It is made up of several parts that have a function in the everyday working of the brain * The first part is the corpus callosum. corpus callosum connects the hemispheres of the brain * It is a band of nerve fibers that hold the right and left hemisphere together. It allows the right side of our brain to know what the left side is doing, and the left side to know what the right side is doing. * The second structure is the thalamus. The thalamus is sort of a relay center of the brain. * It takes in all of the sensory information and takes it to the cortex to be interpreted, and takes it from the cortex back to the spinal cord to get back to the body. thalamus relay station for visual, auditory and somatosensory information * The nex t part is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls all of our drives and tries to maintain homeostasis homeostasis is an equilibrium at which our body functions best. hypothalamus controls drives such as hunger, thirst and sex * The next structure is the genus Hippocampus. * The hippocampus is very all-important(prenominal) in the processing of our short-term memories into long-term memories. * This is the part of the brain that is first attacked by the disease Alzheimers. * The hippocampus also helps us in facial recognition. hippocampus stores short term memories and takes them to long term memories * The next part is the corpus amygdaloideum. The amygdala adds emotion to memory. * It also has a direct role in the formation of our memories. amygdala holds emotion and emotion laden memories Located inside our frontal lobe are two areas that help in our speech production * The first is Brocas area. For most people, all right-handed people, and most left-handed people, Brocas are a is located in the left hemisphere. Brocas area controls our ability to speak * This allows us to speak. It coordinates what we require to say with our tongues and our muscles. The next area is located a little bit behind Brocas area more toward the temporal lobe is Werniches area. * Werniches area allows us to understand what is spoken to us. Werniches area creates the understanding of written and spoken language Lateralization in Epilepsy Patient * Patients with severe epilepsy have allowed us to discover another important concept about our brains. * To help severe epileptics when drugs failed, a dramatic operation was performed and it involved cutting the corpus callosum. Separating the hemispheres allows the seizures to be localize and not spread from hemisphere to the other. Split-brain patients learn that the hemispheres will have distinct, different functions this is called lateralization. Hemispheres * The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. * It also coo rdinates our language abilities because it has both Brocas area and Wernickes area in it. * The left side is also the logical, rational brain and excels in such areas as science and math. left hemisphere controls language, logic and sequential tasks * The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. It excels in spatial abilities. * It is our artistic and musical part of our brain. It also has a function in detecting and emoting emotions. * In all but split-brain patients, we use all of our brains and both hemispheres since they communicate with each other. * The right hemisphere knows what is happening in the left hemisphere, and the left hemisphere knows whats going on in the right hemisphere. right hemisphere controls spatial-visual tasks, facial recognition and creativity Extra Keywords (NEED TO KNOW THESE) * septum controls and create rageful mien * cerebrum the largest part of the brain divided into two hemispheres

Sociology: Definition, Origin and Dilemmas

In society, every concept requires a clear definition in target to develop an understanding of how the non-homogeneous coexisting aras function to produce efficiency. Sociology in its essence explains these concepts as it involves the individuals that work conjointly to ensure those societal clays functions are punish smoothly. According to the department of Sociology of Cornell University Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behaviour (University, 2008, prg. ). However, what makes sociology differ from other social sciences is its analysis of individual behaviours as they interact within different contexts classified as systems such as political systems, economic systems and family systems (University, 2008). These three systems are identified as the make-up of the Belizean society. The Political system represents the different constituencies of the country, the government and its branches of authority, and polit ical parties.The Belizean economy is formed by the various produce, commerce, internal and external exportation of products and services as well as the various income sources of the country. The last system identified as the family system is a mixture of various forms but the most common within the Belizean context are single-parent families amongst the thermonuclear and extended families that do exist but in smaller numbers. The ranges of systems qualified for sociological study include, but are not limited to, intimate families, mobs, cults, and sports (University, 2008). equivalent the individuals and systems it studies, sociology also has a source of origin and an explanation for its existence and functions. Sociology in its term was unquestionable by in the year 1838 by a French Philosopher identified as dreadful Comte who believed strongly that social issues could be studied with the use of science. In his belief, though strange to others at the time, he believed it was pos sible to clasp and analyse the laws of social life just as is done with the laws of science and factual evidence of theories.Of this concept, link between science and society, he then developed what we refer to as positivism to sociology which would give sociologists the qualifications to become societal guides. (Crossman, 2013). An indeed sociologists have become guides to the everyday worldly functions of social life as individually social activity has a designated sociologists. Areas guided have been classified to be those of religion, politics, law, economics, rural life and industry among many others (Unknown, 2007).Aside from being developed by the Father of Sociology, August Comte, there were also other factors that presented great encouragement toward the concept of Sociology. Such contributors were all identified as socially changing occurrences of the twentieth century. Among those contributors were the political revolutions that occurred in Europe, the Industrial Revolu tion which introduced automation, Capitalism, Socialism, and not to mention the emerging religions and developing municipalities. These occurrences in their own way changed the lives of individuals.Thus the reason why these instances influenced the cultivation of Sociology was because of their contribution to social change (Crossman, 2013) . Sociology, as mentioned before, studies how individuals interact within various social systems. Whenever interaction and human behaviour is combined difficulties and ethical dilemmas are devoted to arise. The Hawthorne effect is said to be a difficulty for Sociologists in executing sociological research because when humans are aware that they are being find they often exhibit false pretences to fit the roles they believe they should fulfil.Another difficulty would be the complexity of social issues, as opposed to scientific phenomena, because most of these are not easily measurable. A plausible difficulty could be that people in power, people independent of societal norms, and people who are publicly ocular whitethorn want to keep their activities in obscurity and unknown by others. Ethical dilemmas may also be problems for Sociologists. Two major ethical dilemmas that may be problematic are violating individuals right to their privacy and experimentation using inexperienced, obedient, gullible individuals. Finlay). With all the information presented sociology can be defined in concentrate statements. Therefore, Sociology is the study of individual social behaviour and how individuals interact within social context such as political, family and economic systems. Sociology was developed by French philosopher August Comte but was greatly influenced by the grave social changes that occurred during its era of development. To conclude, its social nature lightens the way for difficulties and ethical dilemmas in the execution of research on carnal knowledge issues.

Documentary films Essay

Documentary films have paved way to show the reality of life. More often than not, it provides awareness of the present berth that was not addressed accurately in films and television shows alike. Documentary, like other discourses of the real, retains a vestigial responsibility to describe and interpret the world of collective experience, a responsibility that is no small matter at all (Nichols, 1991 p. 10).In making a documentary film concerning the community life in a distant foreign country, several issues would need to be addressed. The first thing that we need to discuss is the culture of the commonwealth living in that place. It would be an definitive factor as it tells a lot about the community and the place itself. Its history would generally be included in determining how the culture came about. brotherly norms and practices should also thoroughly discuss to identify the difference and uniqueness of their society.Furthermore, the documentation should explore the differ ent beliefs of the people and how it affects the way they live and how their society copes up with modernization. The briny focus of the documentary is how the culture and beliefs would affect the health of the people in that certain area. It would thoroughly explore the different misconceptions and traditional health management that these people have. This is a critical issue to discuss because it may directly or indirectly affect their socio-economic progress and their lifestyle.If by chance, the documentary could discover the need to re-educate the people regarding their health beliefs and fallacy, then proper authority should be inform. This is to insure that people would have the opportunity and the appropriate resources to improve their knowledge as regards to their health condition.REFERENCESNichols, B. (1991), Representing populace Issues and Concepts in Documentary, Indiana University Press, p. 10

Indian National Congress and Dear Fellow Indians

Today we celebrate the 65th Independence Day of our great Nation. On this joyous joint I convey my greetings and good wishes to all the Indians living in this beautiful country and pray for their peace, progress and prosperity. On this auspicious day, 64 years ago, India come through freedom from colonial rule and the people of our country became the masters of their destiny. All in all, the past 64 years have been momentous.De bitchiness serious challenges on vary fronts, including several attacks on the territorial integrity of India, we have been able to keep the flame of democracy burning bright. And, today, India is looked upon as the largest and most vibrant democracy in the world. In recent years India has been well known the world over for its achievements in several fields, particularly in the arena of Information Technology. The pare for Indian independence began with the first war of Indian independence in 1857.Although not fully a success, this revolt sowed the seed f or a new force, which was to take this struggle to its rightful end. As British oppression strengthened so did the urge to attain the freedom from it. This urge found voice in the form of legion(predicate) great leaders such as Subhash Chandra Bose, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev, Khudiram Bose, Ram Prasad Bismil,Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel to name a few. These great patriots along with a lot unnamed freedom fighters sacrificed their lives for the cause of the nation.This dreaming of millions of Indians was realized when finally India got freedom on August 15, 1947. The joy of independence brought along with it the grief of partition The country was divided into two parts India and Pakistan. The superior achievement of this country is that in spite of its vast diversity and a population of 1/6 of entire humanity, the country has continued to remain inviolable and strong even after over six decades of independence. Today the nation is all set to make a big come back, in spite of all its odds. It is a fact that the Indi.

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s Achievements

This Article talks about our condition professorship Gloria Macapagal Arroyos Achievements which she did in her regime. Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyos achievements about the economy, I am thankful for Gloria Macapagal Arroyos achievements for creating a flawless and awesome job for building and creating for giving employment to millions of people who were light In the Philippines, and also thanking her for creating a lot of public schooldayss for a lot of people who gitnot afford education, students or young people who cannot afford to go to school because of financial problem.I thought that our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is not great because our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo cheated in the election against Fernando Poe Junior. She also cheated in the election by desire the help from Garcy. Our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is getting m nonpareily from the government that we were all dismantle trying to pay our taxes for a good e conomy even though that our parents were all having a hard time earning such money to pay the tax, but she just stole it from us like it was hers, and that made me realize how featherbrained she was.But then her achievements all together are fantastic, like building bridges for a damp transportation, building schools for educational purposes, for building the Light Railway point also known as LRT and for helping the flood victims in the Ondoy incident, and also giving respect to our navy, marine soldiers that were killed in Mindanao because of the terrorists. According to her she had made the economy turn over about 3. % which is true, in fact we can all feel this growth, by seeing the technology we have now, like high- tech gadgets and a more ontogenesis technology, I can say that we have indeed grew economically because of our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo works. Maybe if she did not corrupt or stole money, no one would hate her and with her achievements she will b e loved by the Filipino people all across the rustic.If she did not corrupt she would make a fine chairwoman for the Philippines, or stole money or cheat because we could see from all of her achievements that she is a potential president. And I myself as a student is thanking her from my heart because of our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo always declared that the classes are suspended That made me has an easy school life and a happy school life that I could applaud with fully with my friends.Our current elected president of the republic of the Philippines which is President Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior is indeed not a corrupted president. As time passes by we can see that there has not made any corrupt movements from our President Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior, he fulfills his promises that he made in the election like, not being a corrupt president, not cheating and a lot more.He even made a lot of improvement in our country like, making the crime judg e go down, making the economic growth improve even more but as what our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo utter that she even had a better percentage of growth than our President Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior had made, the reason why the Filipinos elected him because he had a potential in making the Philippines into a better country by being a better president than the past presidents that took the throne in the Philippines.President Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior, has a little bit of a minor problem even if he does not corrupt from us he himself does not move to fix some problems throughout our country like what former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has said that he loves cars, and guns too much that he is not paying attention to the government at all.And also from the videos that I watched that he is not giving the degrade to the farmers in hacienda Luicita, that was already distributed by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo but now our current Pres ident Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior is trying to collect the land or getting the lands that were distributed by former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.I dont know which president is better than the other because the two of them are both amazing in doing their start out but is also amazing in corrupting or not moving or doing anything for the economy, I am a student so I may not know all of the things happening in the Republic but a lot of people say that our former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is so corrupt that she should be in prison or jailed for life.That is why the Department of Justice is preventing her from leaving the country, named Philippines because she might escape and not come stand and it could shame the Philippines. As for our current President Benigno Noynoy Cojuanco Aquino Junior I think I will just believe in him and try to look in front in the future that he tries to make for all of us citizens, which is what I could do as a student.

Euthanasia: A Moral Dilemma Essay

Euthanasia has grown to be one the biggest debates prevailing in Canada. It draws in the roll in the hay of morals, healthcargon, and society. Euthanasia and medical student assisted suicide provokes many a(prenominal) emotions out of Canadian citizens. The ever present Right to go out and Right to Live groups be al ways trying to impose their strong views on Canadian society.Even with the influence of these protesting groups, the growing debate between mercy killing and whether it should be legalized is an extremely difficult decision. patronage euthanasia being advantageous in some aspects, it should not be legalized due to the fact that is viewed as ethically unacceptable match to Canadian policies, and it would negatively affect various(a) people, including older adults. This paper will outline the different types of euthanasia, the history of euthanasia, Canadian policies pertaining to euthanasia, demographic changes, the debate as to why it should not be legalized and the effects of legalization on various persons.Euthanasia General In kindation and HistoryTypes of EuthanasiaEuthanasia is widely believed to be the intent to kill soulfulness in order to end suffering. The types of euthanasia are passive, active, physician assisted suicide, involuntary, non-voluntary and voluntary. Physician assisted suicide is a type of euthanasia where a physician provides the means to aid in a competent unhurrieds wish to die (Csikai, 1999, p.50). In the simplest conditions active euthanasia is when one does something to hasten death it is immediately killing or2euthanizing someone. Passive euthanasia is the appraisal of a person not doing anything to hasten death. An example of this would be withdrawing medical treatment. Finally, voluntary euthanasia is when a supposedly competent person agrees to be euthanized. While Involuntary euthanasia pertains to the intentional killing of a competent person without their knowledge.Finally, non-voluntary euthanasia is finishing a genially incompetent patients life. (Csikai, 1999, p.50). Evidently, on that point are several different forms of euthanasia and many of them correlate. For instance, active voluntary euthanasia according to Csikai (1999, p.50) is, The case of a physician administering the lethal dose of medication to a competent person who explicitly requests it. Overall, there are many types of euthanasia that place be practised to end a patients life.History of EuthanasiaThroughout history hearts on euthanasia have been constantly changing. In the Greek and Roman eras, euthanasia was justified as the comforting of a dying patient. During this age, society believed that a person had the full to request suicide if that was his or her choice (Boer, 2007, p. 535). In the course of this time period euthanasia was widely accepted.Then, when Christianity became the dominating religion, the beliefs of mercy killing and suicide were modified and looked at as negatively. On the contr ary, the 1800s led to the growing idea of Darwins survival of the fittest which is to say the idea that only the strongest of a species should survive and leave the weak to fend for themselves. This concept influenced the idea of British eugenics. Eugenics is the idea of supporting the rich, and leaving the poor, unfortunate and weak to fend for themselves (Gittelman, 1999, p.369). This idea of eugenics was 3incorporated by the Nazis in order to justify the use of involuntary euthanasia on people who were disabled. The public consent of this concept allowed for the acceptance of the Nazi regime trying to euthanize other undesirable groups, such as the Jews. Ultimately, it is evident that societys views on euthanasia have been conflicting throughout history.Canadas Policies on EuthanasiaEuthanasia is currently illegal in Canada, the Criminal Code of Canada prohibits it. If someone violates this law, he or she can be charged with homicide, regardless if the victim consents to these ac tions. One of the infamous Supreme Court cases regarding euthanasia was the R v. Latimer case (Judgements of the Supreme Court of Canada, 2001). This case involved a man named Robert Latimer, he was convicted of carrying into actioning his twelve year old daughter, Tracy, who had a severe form of cerebral palsy.His daughter was totally drug-addicted on her parents to take care of her. Her father felt like her worsening condition was not worth sp in force(p)liness for, so he put his daughter into his truck and let the exhaust pipe in. Tracy Latimer died from carbon monoxide poisoning. The courts found her father guilty and was sentenced to second degree murder and life imprisonment. This case is one prime example of Canadas laws regarding euthanasia, and how it is not tolerated. Demographic Changes and the Effects on HealthcareDemographic ChangesWithin Canada there are many demographic changes occurring pertaining to older adults and health care. A large demographic change is conn ected to the bumble boomers the age category 4of people natural after World War II. The amount of people born indoors this era is extremely populous in comparison to other generations, which is ultimately why these people are called the baby boomers. This can pose as a puzzle because this baby boomer generation is currently aging.Effects of these Changes on clubIn order to attain the luxury of Canadas free healthcare, the government must put a strain on citizens through taxes. Although, with the aging baby boomers the healthcare system is looking at providing long term care for this group of people as a burden. Older adults already feel as if they are burden to the ones they love. From studies it is shown that most requests for euthanasia and physician assisted suicide come from the idea of the person having a fear of losing control of their body, being dependent on others and troublesome to the ones they love(Lavery & Dickens, 1997, p.1407).This is problematic because physicia ns can look at the healthcare issue and older adults and try to provide new solutions for the lack of funds being put into healthcare. Euthanasia can be looked at as a key solution to the healthcare problem to some physicians. In their opinion, with older adults already feeling useless to society, they can use it as an excuse to euthanize them. Although there are some costs to euthanasia, it is seemingly much less than the long term costs of caring for a dependable person such as an older adult. Therefore, the legalization of euthanasia can be looked at as an painless solution to the dwelling problem of insufficient healthcare funds to support the aging baby boomers.5Legalization of EuthanasiaPolicies that have been ProposedThere are many valid arguments pertaining to the the legalization of euthanasia. Euthanasia is such an emotional issue that Canadians are often torn between which side to choose, so much so that a bill was almost passed to legalize euthanasia. In the fall of 200 9 Bill C-384 was proposed by Francine Lalonde, a member of the Bloc Quebecois Party (Collier, 2009, p.464). This bill outlines the right to die with dignity as Lalonde summarizes.It eliminate euthanasia as a crime and would allow medical practitioners to kill people if, physical or mental pain without prospect of relief and have provided a medical practitioner, while appearing to be lucid, with two written requests more than 10 days unconnected expressly stating the persons free and informed consent to opt to die (Collier, 2009, p.464). These were the key, controversial aspects of Bill C-384.The main logistic of this being a tenable bill to pass is that many people have seen someone they love die, and some people believe there is a more dignified way to do it, and that way is euthanasia. This is the core belief of Ruth von Fuchs who is the secretary of the Right to Die Society of Canada (Collier, 2009, p. 463). He believes the move towards legislative change can be correlated to t he fact that a lot of populations around the world are aging quickly. If Ruth von Fuchs argument is true, then the passing of Bill C-384 would eliminates the vast problem of healthcare that was mentioned earlier. The legalization of euthanasia can save the Canadian government tons of extra money. However, Bill C-384 was defeated on April 21, 2010 during the6second training at fan tan (Craine, 2010, para. 2). The rejection of the bill shows that despite some advantageous aspects to Bill C-384, it largely has a negative effect on society.Effects of Legalization why it should Not be LegalizedEffects on the Terminally IllThough Bill C-384 appears to be beneficial in some aspects, there are many major negative effects on the legalization of euthanasia. The terminally ill is one group of people where legalization may drastically affect them. Yes, there is the debate that people suffering from terminal illnesses have the right not to endure the vast amounts of pain that no human being wa nts to go through.On the contrary, pain is not the prime reason many people seek euthanasia. In actuality, the main reasons are the idea that their life is not worthy because they snappy with a disability, and the idea of being a burden to others (Soccocia, 2010, p.483). Supporters of PAS and euthanasia state that when people request to be euthanized their decision is autonomous however, there is the debate as to whether their decision is truly autonomous. When a person chooses to die while he or she is terminally ill, it can be looked at as a hale decision due to their seemingly poor standard of life.It cannot be considered a rational, autonomous decision when the person believes there are no other alternatives. Furthermore, the belief that a persons life is not dignified due to disability can be created through false views on what is believed to be the right way to live. The problem does not lie within the idea of dying a dignified death, but rather within the ideal of believing that upkeep a life with a form of disability is undignified.7Effects on DoctorsAdditionally, the legalization of euthanasia would not only affect patients, but doctors as well. The relationship between a doctor and a patient would be undermined if this law were to come int effect (Lund, 1997, para. 1). Rightfully, patients would not be able to trust their doctors as much because they know the doctors could potentially strongly recommend euthanasia as a solution to serious illness. Though this threat seems implausible, it is in fact a very common worry in countries where euthanasia is widely accepted. For instance, in the Netherlands, where euthanasia is legal, many people are frightened to go to the doctors. Lund states in hisarticle,A privately financed survey in 1989 showed that 40 percent of Dutch physicians had performed euthanasia without patients consent..And what reasons did physicians give for these homicides? intractable pain was mentioned in less than a third of the case s. more(prenominal) commonly physicians mentioned low quality of life, the relatives, inability to cope and no prospect for improvement. (Lund, 1997, para. 6)These statistics are worrisome to many people. Citizens of a country should not be mad as to whether their doctor will recommend assisted suicide to them without their consent. Also, there is controversy pertaining to the Hippocratic expletive of physicians. This oath outlines for doctors to do no harm(Csikai & Manetta, 2002, p.89). This oath pertains to harm including the use of lethal injections. Therefore, the legalization of euthanasia would go against this oath and cause distrust between doctors and their patients. Effects on Older AdultsFinally, the legalization of euthanasia has drastic effects on older adults. For some older adults, old age comes with chronic depression. Some older adults, especially if they become ill, 8feel incapacitated and unable to provide for society or their families. As some people age they f eel like a burden to the ones they love, so euthanasia appears like a reasonable solution. These beliefs are proven to be true through statistics shown in that state between 8-20 % of older adults show depressive symptoms, and 37% of adults vivacious in settings where they receive primary care are also seemingly depressed.Moreover, Csikai and Manetta argue that depression is not usually recognized straight away so the numbers may in fact be higher (as cited in Administration on Aging, 2001).Furthermore, medical illness contributes greatly to the ideal of suicide within older adults. Csikai and Manetta also argue that 35-70% of suicides performed by older adults are related to a medical illness they have, merely medical illness only affects 10% of suicides in younger adults (as cited in Conwell, 1997 Hughes & Kleepies, 2001 Rihmer, Rutz, & Pihlgren, 1995).Consequently, if euthanasia was legalized in Canada, with Bill C-384 as an example, the patient has to appear to be lucid in ord er to receive their request. legion(predicate) older adults can appear to be lucid, but in actuality are chronically depressed. Someone who is depressed is prescribed as having a mental illness, yet Bill C-384 does not take this into account.Likewise, older adults are often persuaded by loved ones to conform to euthanasia or physician assisted suicide. Relating to the Oregon demise with Dignity Act, throughout the three years that it was present the number of married patients who sought to be euthanized increased. Csikai and Manetta stated in their article, In 2000, 18 of the 27 who died from PAS were married compared to 12 of 27 in 1999 and 2 of 16 in 1998. Ninety percent of patients died in their homes, presumably with family present (Csikai & Manetta, 2003, pp.89-90). These 9statistics show that many families in Oregon were aware and accepted their loved ones choice to be euthanized. Perhaps if someone in the family was to object to this solution, the patient would not have sou ght for euthanasia. In conclusion, older adults are drastically influenced by euthanasia, whether they choose to be or not which is why the legalization of euthanasia would ultimately have a negative effect on them.In SummaryThe main points concluded in this paper are that the legalization of euthanasia would not be effective due it being viewed as ethically wrong according to Canadian laws and policies. Furthermore, the legalization of euthanasia would negatively affect various persons including older adults. Though there are some beneficial aspects to legalization, as seen in Bill C-384, the negative effects are prevalent. The nation-wide acceptance of euthanasia would boilers suit detriment, rather than help the majority of society. Though, there are some exceptions, the Canadian government needs to set a precedent for its country. If Bill C-384 was passed by Parliament almost anyone could ask to euthanized, as long as they appeared to be coherent.To conclude, if euthanasia was a reasonable response to the problem of the terminally ill, the elderly, and the healthcare system, the Right to Die with Dignity Act would have been passed on April 21, 2010, rather than denied. As a result, further research into the effects of the legalization should be looked at greatly beforehand Canada makes any drastic decision as to legalizing euthanasia or not.

Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus Essay

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or Modern Prometheus (1831) is considered as one of the oldest yet significantly popularized literature that symbolizes the tandem of skipper Frankenstein and the Creature. The horrendous creation, Frankenstein the Modern Prometheus, is used to symbolize Mary Shelleys time period wherein hands are continuously advancing the level of possible acquaintance present in their society. From the scientist lord Frankenstein to the monster named as the Creature, Shelley creates an innovative argument that illustrates the trends of the imperfect industrialization in European countries.Shelleys Frankenstein involves with the societal dilemma of mens overreaching efforts against the limitations of science and Mother Nature by initiating actions to dehumanize the conception of life. II. Brief Summary Shelleys Frankenstein had give birth to physically ill-shapen being with the sensations and needs similar to a human being. After abandoning his creation due to its h orrendous look, Victor, the creatures creator, heard the occurrence of death of his pal William. Frankenstein blamed the monster for his brothers death, which further advanced to the death of his fiance Elizabeth Lavenza.Victor tried to avenge the deaths of his beloved however, he was not adapted succeed. By the end of the story, Victor felt very ill and eventually died. Walton found the monster after the death of Victor mourning the death of his creator. III. perceptiveness and Evaluation In Shellys version of Frankenstein, there were two essential literary implications that illustrate the purpose of the story (1) the symbolism of mens progressive scientific revolution and (1) concluding the outcomes of industrial revolution. IV. SupportIn the first argument, Shelley illustrates Vincent Frankenstein as the portrayal of mens over-exceeding desire of power. Shelley utilized the role of Victor to illustrate the capacity of knowledge to violate the concept of life. Furthermore, She lly even illustrated the possibilities of breaking the limitations of men over the godly and mortal realms. One of Shelleys influential inspirations in the novel of Frankenstein was John Miltons Paradise Lost (1667) wherein the character of god was referred to role of the victor, which defined as the triumphant one, the winner, the ruler. Meanwhile, Frankenstein was patterned from Miltons only(prenominal) illustration of Victor hence, he became subdued by the hopes of creating a companion through science. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how vulnerable is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow (Shelley, 53). In the second argument, Frankenstein too symbolized the social trends and the prevailing concepts of the European society during its scientific revolutionary age. Frankenstein illustrated the modern anxieties and f ears about the possible outcomes of industrialization and science, and their impacts on ethics and morals of human. In the eighteenth century, readers considered Shellys Frankenstein as an allegorical illustration of ethical nature versus industrialization and scientific revolution.

Child Marriage Research Paper Essay

kid Marri forms Why is the Act Performed Through verboten Countries Around the World? correspond to the International Center for Research on Women, if present squirt espousals tr finales continue, more than 142 million female sisters world-wide will be forced to connect adult men during the next decade-the equivalent of 38,000 girls every day. pip-squeak mating is defined as espousal ahead the age of cardinal (International Center for Research on Women, 2012). This espousal is ordinaryly forced and comes as a floor to the barbarianlike girl. Any day, at anytime, a two-year-old girl c impinge onin nail be taken from her home, sold, married off, and forced to live a manner full of threats, violence, and abuse. When I first heard of sister marriage ceremony I assumed that it happens in countries that atomic number 18nt that well off, whom atomic number 18 still lively in poverty. I was taken aback when I open up let out that kid marriage is a class period affecting women every(prenominal) over the world Asia, Africa, the nitty-gritty East, and in some communities in Europe and the Ameri bungholes (Worden, 2010).I want to flummox out all the usual questions genius would ask about a problem in the world today how, when, who, where, and WHY does baby bird marriage even happen in all of these countries? later researching these questions in depth, amongst a few of these countries I want to look into what nestling marriage may fuddle in common in these diametrical countries. In Afghanistan, statistics show that an estimate of 67 percent of all marriages argon forced and approximately 57 percent of girls be married before the age of 16. (The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, 2010). pip-squeak marriage occurs in Afghanistan despite certain faithfulnesss that have been made, due to culture and traditions, protection of the claw, and economic problems families may submit. tiddler marriage has been part of Afghan c ulture for thousands of years, and trying to rid a country of a culture showcase angers a lot of the people living in Afghanistan. Child marriage is cognise to be asunder of Afghan culture as a form of protection. When one tries to put an end to nestling marriage in Afghanistan, the Afghans view this as going against the culture and traditions of the community (Yousef, 2013).Parents of a young girl, believe they are doing the right thing by selling, big(p) a charge, or exchanging their peasant because they know she will be clothed, fed, and supply from the violence and sexual abuse that the country of Afghanistan is faced with. Under Afghanistansconstitution, the minimum age for females is 16, precisely in rural and urban areas the tradition of marrying off daughters while young in order to receive capital remains common among the poor. (Irinnews.org) Families living in poverty is one of the reasons child marriage is so senior high in Afghanistan. Some Afghan families who remongert afford to take care of their children once they are born, so their best solution is marrying off their daughters. They view this as if she gets married, she will have something for herself. (Yousef, 2013) As if child marriage isnt a problem already, a huge problem arises once the marriage is in effect.The problem that arises is childbirth in young girls who arent mature enough to carry a child to full term. This results in the baby not making it to full term, or the young girl anxious(p) while trying to give birth. In Afghanistan, it is said that every hour, deuce women let out while giving birth- the highest maternal mortality rate in Asia. (Irinnews.org) This all comes as a shock to me as I read that most harmful practices are crimes under Afghan law and inconsistent with Sharia law. Under Islam, marriage is said to be a mutual contractual agreement and consent is compulsory by both the woman and the man for a marriage to be valid. The marriage of girls before the age of sixteen, is against Afghan law. (Gangon, 140) So why are all these marriages occurring? Well, it is said that the police and judiciary in Afghanistan a good deal fail to enforce laws that respect womens rights, and tend to take a selective rather than unprejudiced approach to administering justice. (Gagnon,142) even up some community and religious leaders are prolonging the issue of child marriage because they are uneducated, without any training on womens rights. Child marriage a practice that robs millions of girls of their childhood, their rights, and their dignity (Hedayat, 2011). This a quote from Girls Not Brides global initiative that launched in Africa, and made its way over to India. Statistics show that 40% of the worlds child marriages take place in India (Hedayat, 2011). Even though child marriages are illegal in India, priests still conduct child weddings, and guests still come across with happiness and excitement. The legality doesnt seem to affect the people in India, even though one would be charged with a fine of Rs100,000 ($1,600 in US currency) for not preventing or stopping a child marriage. These marriages are still being performed in India, more or less secretly.Child marriages are supported by villages in India, so when these marriages are performed,nobody informs the police. A difference amidst India and Afghanistans child marriages, is that once the young couple gets certified as husband and wife, they hold outt end up living with each other until they are previous(a) (Around 15 or 16). It seems to me in India child marriage is opposed by the Indian brass, and largely tolerated by the families, and young girls of India. One young girl says Had I been married later, Id have learned to read and write (Hedayat, 2011). The young girls are expressing that one of the biggest struggles with child marriage, is not being able to receive an education. If I was forced into marriage at any age before 16, Im not even sure I would have the emotional stability to even think about an education because I would be traumatized. This culture shock really intrigued me.The main reason why child marriages are being performed throughout India, is directly homogeneous to Afghanistan. The two main reasons are due to culture, and parents wanting their daughter to be better provided for by an older man, because they cant provide the type of life they want for their daughter. Which absolutely makes no sense to me Yes, they perchance getting all the necessary essentials to be surviving, but these young girls are barely even living when they have to suffer through the traumatizing effects of being a child bride. Of course, many young girls in India also are forced into having a baby, resulting in deaths of the young girls and their soon to be child. In India, out of every 1,000 children born due to child marriage, 31 die before they are one year old (Resource Centre for Participatory Development Studies, 2011).These statistics make me cringe, because in reality so many young girls and newborn babies deaths can be stopped, if this horrible acceptable view of child marriage is put to an end. When researching child marriage in Africa, statistics showed that 42% of girls were married before turning 18 (PBS, 2010). As I was recital an article, I came across a horrid sentence that literally broke my heart. I read that in Africa, parents consider their daughters second-class citizens and see them as potential sources of income. (Kamba, 2013). In Central and West Africa, 2 out of every 5 girls are married before they reach the age of eighteen (Kamba, 2013). According to Kambas article, child marriages are being performed in Africa due to parents wanting to protect their young girls from pre-marital sex and unwanted pregnancy, which cloud a familys honour andmay diminish the value of a future dowry. South Sudan is known to have the worlds highest mortality rate, with about 2,054 deaths per 100,000 live births.The you ng women having these babies, also dont have a good chance in living, where as one in seven girls die due to pregnancy at such a young age (Kamba, 2013). Just like Afghanistan, and India, traditional practices play a huge part of why child marriage is still performed in Africa. Child marriage is engraved in Africa as an ancient tradition. Even though tradition plays a huge map on child marriage, the economic struggle of Africa also comes into play. Child marriage can be blamed on the countrys poorly-defined and contradictory laws as well as the governments weak execution and enforcement of them (Kamba, 2013). Overall, I can find some sense into child marriage being blamed on the governments weak enforcement, because if the country is facing economic difficulties, how can they have enough money and support to have a strong forceful government?After researching Afghanistan, India, and Africa, I wanted to see if child marriage is performed throughout the European and American nations. European and American nations dont deal with as much poverty as these other countries do, which made me unexpended to find out if child marriage is actually performed in these nations. I did some research, and even though in that location isnt much on the internet of child marriage in European and American nations, I came across a few sources. In Europe child marriage is in effect(p) in Georgia (rate of 17%), Turkey (rate of 14%), and Ukraine (rate of 10%). Ten percent of young children marry before the age of eighteen in Britain and France ( linked Nations Population Fund, 2012). According to Dr. Lisa Dana, child marriages are most common in the Southern part of the United States, because laws on marriage are more lenient there.In the United States, statistics found that 8.9% of children were married off young, which is dramatically lower than the other countries that Ive researched. All but two states in the United States require both the members of a partnership to be at leas t eighteen years of age or older to be allowed to marry without parental consent (Strat, 2011). I was move with how little information on child marriage I came across while researching Europe and Latin/Northern America. I came to the conclusion that a lot of child marriages arent reported from these nations, or as sad as it is, it doesnt happen thatoften because these countries arent in severe poverty. So, after researching all these different countries, I asked myself two questions Why does child marriage even happen and are there common reasons of why this is happening throughout the world?I came to the conclusion that child marriage is practiced due to culture/tradition, poverty, security, and failure for authorities to enforce laws. Throughout all these countries, besides the European nations, I found that these four main factors play a common role in why child marriage happens. Culture and tradition is definitely the main reason why child marriage is overabundant in these coun tries. Culture places strong social pressures on families to conform to everything the culture expects. If families decided to go against tradition, they face the consequences of facing disapproval or family shame. (Equality Now 2010). Culture plays a huge fleece in families from these countries, and it is purely unacceptable to go against the culture that youre from. Poverty is another reason why child marriage happens. Families that cant afford to raise a child due to low income, look at the child as an economic burden (United Nations Population Fund 2012).If the girls arent seen as a burden, they are valued as capital for their exchange value in terms of goods, money, or livestock (Equality Now, 2010). How offensive I cant even imagine the emotional insecurities these young girls face when being bargained off to random men who are much older than them. Security also plays a big role on why child marriage occurs around the world. Many of these countries dont have a secure home base for their children to be safe. Parents want their child to have a safe future, so they turn to child marriage as a secure base. This goes back on the poverty aspect, if parents cant afford to take care of their daughter, they sell her off to a man whom can. Even though he really isnt taking care of her. In my opinion the child would have a safer future if she just stayed with her family, because she doesnt have the risk of being abused, or dying due to young pregnancy.Lastly, failure to enforce laws that have been made for women, and the issue of child marriage plays a huge roll on why child marriage is still occurring to this day. In most of these countries, there are laws that dont allow marriage until the age of eighteen, and many laws that are protecting women. Some families arent advised that they are breaking the law, while others just dont care to stop because nobody is purely enforcing these laws. In somecountries earliest marriage is so prevalent, prosecutions are seldom brought(United Nations Population Fund, 2012). If authorities went into these countries, and assay to pin point exactly where child marriage is happening, even in the secret villages, and prosecuted the individuals performing in this act, we might see lower statistics.According to the Convetion on Elimination on All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)- marriage before the age of 18 shouldnt be allowed since children dont have the full maturity date and capacity to act (United Nations Population Fund, 2012). I couldnt even imagine being forced into a marriage at a age where I am barely able to read and write. conjugation is ones personal decision, not a forceful requirement. How could anyone force their two year old child into coupling and ten years down the road force the child out of their home? The concept of child marriage makes me sick to my stomach and leaves me with an uneasy feeling. I am infatuated with children, and the thoughts and images that run throu gh my drumhead about child marriage, utterly break my heart.Whether the concept of child marriage is due to culture/tradition, poverty, security, or failure for authorities to enforce laws, there is really no excuse for this act being performed boyish girls deserve to be educated and grow to be the best possible women they can in the future. all girl, deserves the opportunity to reach their full potential. Child marriage needs to be put to an around the world, but what can you do? The most important action to take in order to stop child marriage, is to educate and empower girls. Education is one of the most powerful tools to delay the age at which girls marry as school attendance helps shift norms around child marriage (Girls Not Brides, 2013).I instigate each and every girl to educate another women they know about child marriage. Do research, find answers, make your voices heard. One thing you can do is sign UKs Take the Vow petition. As I was researching, I came across this pe tition that is urging the UKs government to take action and early and forced marriage around the world (United Nations Population Fund, 2012). You can take this vow, just like I have, and the world could just be one step closer to the world ban of child marriage. work CitedChild Marrriage Facts, Causes and Consequences. About.com Middle East Issues. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Child Marriage in Americaa wellness Risk. BabyCenter Blog. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Child Marriage in the United States and Its Association With Mental Health in Women. Child Marriage in the United States and Its Association With Mental Health in Women. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. untimely and squeeze Marriage Facts, Figures and What You Can Do. archaeozoic and Forced Marriage. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013.Gagnon, George. The Unfinished Revolution Voices from the Global Fight for Womens Rights. Ed. Minky Worden. New York Seven Stories, 2012. Print.Hedayat, Nel. What Is It like to Be a Child Bride? BB C news program. BBC, 10 Apr. 2011. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.How Can We intercept Child Marriage? Girls Not Brides How Can We End Child Marriage Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Humanitarian News and Analysis. IRINnews. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Navigating Interracial Borders Black-White Couples and Their Social Worlds Paperback. Navigating Interracial Borders Black-White Couples and Their Social Worlds Erica Chito Childs 9780813535869 Amazon.com Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Ryan, Rebecca M. Martial Birth and Early Child Outcomes The Moderating Influence of Marriage Propensity. 83.3 (2012) 1085-101. Meriam Library. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.The Dangers of Child Marriage in India. ChildFund International. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2013.Wondie, Yemataw. Early Marriage, Rape, Child Prostitution, and Related Factors Determining the Psychosocial Effects Severity of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia. journal of Child Sexual Abuse (2011) n. pag. Meriam Library. Web.

Sample Media Interview Q&a

Sample Media Interview Q&A Internal read/write head & Answer (Q&A) documents are often developed to prepare media spokespersons for interviews and allow tougher questions than FAQs. Internal Q&As also include areas of vulnerability (e. g. who is to blame and could the medical response have been quicker? ) Use the sample Q&As beneath as a guide to create your own during a crisis event. Q What happened? (Examples How many people were injured or killed? How much property damage occurred? ) A At approximately XXXX, an sequent was reported at (location).The details at this point are unknown, however we are working very closely with local emergency response agencies to ensure that the safety of the surrounding community re autochthonic(prenominal)s the number one priority. Q Was this a terrorist incident? A An investigating is taking place and we ordain update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, however, our greatest concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q When did it happen? A Early reports indicate that the incident happened at approximately XXXX. Q Who is to blame? A The details at this point are unknown.An investigation is taking place and we pull up stakes update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, our main focus is on rescue efforts and on the well-being of the victims and their families. Q Has this ever happened before? A I will be happy to research that and get back to you, right now we are focused on the incident at hand, and on making sure that members of the surrounding community are safe. Q Who was involved? A In order to protect the privacy of those involved, we are withholding the release of victims names pending observance of family members. Q Why did it happen?What was the cause? A Those details will be investigated. Right now our primary concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q Will there be inconvenience to the public? A T hat information will become available once the damage is assessed by local emergency response agencies. If we gather future tense information, we will be sure to pass it on. Q When will we find out more? A Our company, along with our local emergency response agencies, will be providing updates throughout the day. We encourage you to check our website at www. xxxxxx. com for in style(p) information.

The Yanomamo and the Fierce Anthropologist

The Fierce Anthropologists The contention revolving the tribe of the Yanomamo and the professionals linked to anthropology has caught the globes attention. Rapid and unforeseeable events have set the tone for the controversy. The study of these Amazonian Indians, who live in regions of the Venezuela and brazil-nut tree border, has turned in westbound exploitation. Accusations about of un respectable anthropologist atomic number 18 abundant, only if little facts about much(prenominal) accusations are evident. The grand attention that these events have attained has turned into a focus on larger issues in anthropological practices.By comparing the approach and relationships of otherwise research projects, we can identify just estimable standards. Most of the controversy stems from the publications about the Yanomamo tribe by anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon. His 1968 volume Yanomamo The Fierce People make the tribe famous due to good writing and extensive interaction with one o f the most set-a decompose people on the planet. But ultimately, the way that he portrayed themviolent and fierceis what attracted wide audiences.Much of his books and his picture show productions are centralized around the theme that the Yanomamo have an immutable trait of vehemence. According to Chagnon, he peaceful data, interacted with opposing Yanomamo villages, and received testimony to arrive to his findings. His researched was very lucrative his book sold more than 4 million copies, which is well beyond the average of other ethnographies. He not only gained financial benefits, he began to be praised and attacked by people around the globe. People acc employ Chagnon of exaggerating the fact that violence is a part of their culture.For instance, French anthropologist Jacques Lizot, who lived with the Yanomamo for more than twenty years, said that violence is periodic it does not govern their social life sentence for long periods of time. It is worth noting that Lizot was accused of homosexual acts with schoolboyish Yanomamo and distri thating guns. Others, like Kenneth Good, accused Chagnon of sensationalizing violence, which he elaborated in his book, New Yorkers The Mugging and Murdering People. He explains that just because violence occurs within the Yanomamo, does not mean they should all be generalized as violent.Good also received backlash for his research because he married a young Yanomamo girl, whom he now has three children with. Another compelling argument came from the studies of Brian Ferguson. He identified Chagnons federal agency of violence as a historical situation. He states that there is a spike in violence during contact with Westerners. As it relates to Chagnon, because he brought western manufactured goods, such as steel and iron tools, he disrupted art relationships, which lead to inter-village violence for the unequal access of those scarce and desired tools.Among all the accusers, diarist Patrick Tierney gave the controv ersy the most attention. Tierneys book, Darkness in El Dorado How Scientist and Journalist Devastated the Amazon, explored the affects of Yanomamos exposure to the extraneous world. Published in 2000, the book accuses Chagnon of misrepresenting the Yanomamo as fierce people, being responsible for warfare by interrupting trading relationships, staging film scenes, fabricating data, giving unsupported claims of being the first to contact with the Yanomamo, violating Venezuelan law, and overall unethical practices.The next set of accusations involves geneticist James Neel, who joined Chagnon in the fieldwork of the Yanomamo in 1968. He accuses Neel of helping the measles pestiferous worsen because he provided outdated vaccines and misadvised the Yanomamo, which resulted in the deaths of thousands. Many of these accusations were prevalent since Chagnons work in the 1960s, but Tierneys publication brought them together for mainstream audiences. Subsequently, the American Anthropologica l Association (AAA) was compelled to launch an investigation on the controversy.After investigating the abundant accusations, the AAA exonerated Neel from worsening or make the measles epidemic, ground insufficient curtilage to charge Chagnon with all of Tierneys accusation, but did find that he did not have the Yanomamos crush interest in mind. It is undisputed that this controversy is repelling. Even if all of the accusations were false, the mere accusations show that ethical standards were broken. Surprisingly, the controversy does reap some positive consequences it encourages personnelwithin and outside the fieldto consider the appropriate standards that anthropologist should be held to.Ethical questions arise, such as how an anthropologist explains and gains consent from the targeted group, what is just compensation, or the dynamics and limits of doing no impose on _or_ oppress to the subjects. The unbalance of originator between the anthropologist from developed societi es and their isolated subjects is a relationship that needs to be treated with delicacy to annul exploitation. We can compare the relationship that researcher and filmmaker John Marshall had with the Juhoansi people of the Kalahari Desert for ethical analysis.John Marshall first went to the Kalahari in 1950 and researched the Juhoansi for fifty years thereafter. His relationship with the Juhoansi was one of friendships. He, alike other anthropologist, even out the Juhoansi for their cooperation with western goods, but he did not stop there. During one of Marshalls visits, he found the Juhoansi living in government settlements, which provided food relief and low wage jobs, but also inflicted alcoholic drink abuse, domestic violence, and the lack of independence.In the late 1970s, Marshall began to advocate for more water access and agricultural chance from the government. Because there was such a important opening to the traditional way of Juhoansi life, desired changes beset antithetical challenges. Marshall justly compensated the Juhoansi and kept their best interest in mind to avoid causing harm to them. The latter characteristic is one that is of greatest importance because harm can come in direct and indirect ways that are temporary or permanent.The American Anthropological Association standard, tagged the do no harm rule, is one that anthropologist often have little ability to prevent. At uncase minimum, anthropologists almost always interrupt a groups way of life when doing research and compensating with goods that are scarce to their environments. Interruptions in general, require adjustment and adaption, and when dealing with groups that have customs and traditions that have not changed for maybe hundreds of years, those adjustments are problematic and often prove to be vitally harmful.For instance, Chagnons and other Yanomamo researchers brought western goods and weapons into their community, which created an interruption in trading and like ly contributed to their state of warfare. Further, John Marshall also unintentionally created a significant interruption when his tire tracks that he created during his visits facilitated the contact with government entities, which ultimately changed most of the Juhoansi traditional ways of life.The diversion between the two examples is that Marshall actually returned and correctd their situation by advocating to their interests. Chagnon not only used more coercive techniques in gaining cooperation, there is also no trace of tangible efforts made to improve the harm he contributed to in the Yanomamo community. If the AAA standards were altered to do not harm only magical spell researching or compensate for cooperation, little ethical analysis would be needed, but that is not the case. Doing no harm to the group is indefinite and needs to be examined even after research is complete.Additionally, a just total of compensation means that it needs to be fair, not just in the context of the region researched, but also that of the western entities benefiting from it i. e. ten machetes given to the Yanomamo for an ethnography research is not equivalent $500k and advancement in the anthropologist respective career. Alike the Yanomamo, the Juhoansi continue to face challenges due to outside interference. However, their interference mostly comes form political entities, and the Juhoansi have been assisted by Marshall and treated ethically by other anthropologists, like Richard Lee.On the other hand, the Yanomamo face problems from miners camping in their territories, destruction of the environment by mining and other outside forces, on with other governmental issues, but it is also clear that the Yanomamo have been significantly exploited by the western world. This could be because of the lack of oversight and/or due to little ethical standards. In any case, these piteous chain of events should serve a greater purpose to the ethical standards of practicing anthrop ologist and aspiring students.

Psychology Experiments/Biological Influences Essay

In this experiment, we aim to provide an understanding about the concepts of adjustment through a series of tests. This involves using our contrasting senses to perceive changes in an environment, and how well be able to adapt to these changes. In the first experiment, the sense that we are divergence to use is the sense of seek. Through this test, well determine how we adapt to changes in what we taste or basic onlyy what we eat. By mixing sugar into body of water, we create a sweet substance which were going to use for the taste test. We also need fresh water in order to tell any differences afterwards. What I did was to piss a sip of sugar water and let it stay in my mouth for some time, until it tastes little sweet. It took several seconds until it tasted slight sweet, and afterwards I took a sip from the cup containing fresh water. The surprising affair was that the fresh water tasted doesnt have any taste in it at all. I screw water supposedly has no taste, but with t he experiment, it tasted stale. In the next test, the sense that will be use is our tactile sense, mainly the skins perception of temperature. Through this test, well determine how we adopt to the changes of temperature in our environment. We conjure three bowls with knap water of varying temperature. One is hot (but not painfully so), another(prenominal) is very cold, and the other is a compartmentalisation of the hot and cold tap water. What I did was to submerge my leftover hand in the hot tap water and my right hand on the cold tap water. I let it stay there for three minutes, and afterwards I placed both my manpower in the bowl containing the mixture of hot and cold tap water. I took not of what I snarl in the experiment. Upon placing my both my work force in the mixture of water, I noticed that my left (which was previously sink on the hot one) felt cold until it slowly changes back to the temperature of the water mixture. homogeneous goes for my right hand, which f elt warm when I submerged it in the mixture until it slowly changed back to the temperature of the water mixture. The skins receptor was not able to perceive any changes in the temperature in the water. The final test was again on the tactile sense, wherein we have to rile our index finger into a sand paper and lay out its coarseness from 1 to 7, where 1 is very soft, and 7 is very coarse. When I rubbed my index finger to the sandpaper, my sign rating was that its 7, since I felt that it was very coarse to touch. When I rubbed my index finger on the sand paper for a second time, it felt a little different. Its as if it scattered its coarseness a bit. I gave it a rating of 5. Basing on the experiment, adaptation can be specify as the loss of sensitivity of a receptor due to prolonged stimulation of it. Because of this, it would require a stronger stimulus in order to further activate it. Adaptation is defined as a lordly characteristic of an organism that has been favoured by natural selection, since they are able to live successfully in an environment. This enables sustenance organisms to cope with environmental stresses and pressures, something which could result from the body structure, the organisms behaviour, or its physiology (EPA.gov, 2007). Adaptation is evident in each of the results of the experiments. On the first experiment on water sugar, there was a sour aftertaste when I sipped fresh water. This could be because sour taste wastes the sweet taste so when we sipped sugar water and swished it all over our mouth, we psychologically perceive that there is a sour taste in order to neutralize the sweet taste in our mouths. On the second experiment on waters with different temperatures, we get it on adaptation by being able to keep a constant body temperature. When we have our hands submerged in both hot and cold water and then submerge it to a mixture of cold and hot water. Our body tends to maintain a constant body temperature, so when it was from the hot water and then submerging it to the mixture, it would surely feel cold at first until we get used to the temperature. Same goes with the cold water, wherein when we submerge it to the mixture it would feel warm until it gets used to the temperature of the mixture. On the third experiment, we experience adaptation at the tactile sensory level, wherein we tend to get used to the feel of the coarse sand paper, that when we rub at it again, it feels a little less coarse. This is adaptation in a sense that our body or our perception of the coarse texture of the sand paper is gradually being changed to a state wherein we wont feel uncomfortable in rubbing against it. As we feel that it is a little less coarse, then we are able to cope with its coarse texture. We can associate this with the theory of adaptation by Lamarck, where organisms inherit the traits which are necessary for them to survive. Those who inherit this trait are able to continue to live, while those who pre sumet tend to perish. Because of this, the organisms who continue to exist are the ones who were able to get traits which would enable them to adapt to the terra firma they live in. In an evolutionary perspective, adaptation is really important because those who are able to adapt will be the ones to survive and continue to exist. This will result to organism who posses traits which are important for them to live in their environment. As the time continues to change the surroundings, only those who are able to cope with these changes will be the ones left to live. Those who are not fit enough to adapt to these changes will surely perish. Those who successfully adapts would lead to the mankind of a better species.ReferenceEPA.gov. (2007). Adaptation. Retrieved February 24, 2008, from http//www.epa.gov/climatechange/effects/adaptation.html

Internet and Traditional Books

I. Title Library vs. mesh II. Introduction Students be often ineffectual to distinguish appropriate from inappropriate re germs. If the data is not available on the internet, it does not exist for them. Librarians and readiness express concern that students do not know how to adequately evaluate the quality of education resources gear up on the internet. Both net-basedand traditionallibraryresources ar useful when conducting research. Each have their own occurrence strengths and weaknesses. Conducting research is something that every student volition eventu everyy have to do.Research projects are done in English class, in foreign language class, in social studies class and in science class. The sort of students are able to master the skills required for conducting research the better off they are going to be. The ii most common places to happen resources for research projects are in the library and online. Many thousands of web pages exist, equivalence the advantages a nd disadvantages of using the Internet instead of a traditional library. Many of these are personal opinions, with the authors ranging from commercial sites to professional person organizations.By limiting their research to the internet, students are ignoring the books, journals, databases, full-text digital resources and different scholarly materials provided by the library. In numerous academic libraries, use of print resources is decreasing. Use of video and other media appears to be increasing. Ignoring library resources in topographic point of web resources may imperil the quality of student learning. You may find instructors who do not cease their students to use web resources in class projects for this very reason.Faculty can have an enormous regulate over student choices for research resources. However, the Internet and the Web should not be disregarded as invaluable research tools. With proper training and cross-referencing, both can be highly effective and efficient nub by which students locate information. As computers are turn more common in schools and homes, students and teachers are becoming more computer literate and Internet literate. The library is the traditional place to conduct research for a school research project.Libraries contain a large collection of books, periodicals and mul quantifydia resources. They also have dwell people there called librarians who are available to help you find the information that you need. Libraries also give you the opportunity to read hardcopies of the reference materials that you use and they have photocopying machines available to students so that they can replication home a copy of the information that they need. Libraries are established for the systematic collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of experience and information.It is very chief(prenominal) for man to preserve and maintain the valuable knowledge and information contained in the books and documents because we w ant to preserve our knowledge and wisdom for the coming generations. By preserving the documents in a library this knowledge can be do available to others so that they can benefit from it. Establishment of libraries is not a new concept. The oldest library dates to somewhat 2700 years ago in Sennacheribs Palace in Nineveh which shows how long ago the concept of leaving a piece of your wisdom behind started being formed into the organized collection to preserve the work.While libraries are wonderful resources for a variety of reference materials, they do have a few limitations. First of all libraries are not usually open 24 hours a day seven days a week. This means that your access to the research materials is limited to the hours of operation of the library. Secondly, the books in a library can be somewhat out-of-date, circumstancely in smaller libraries. Finally, libraries can be crowded and access to reference materials, computers and other pieces of equipment can be limited by the number of people who also need to use those items.Internet researchis the practice of using theInternet, especially the World Wide Web, forresearch. The internet is widely used and quickly accessible to hundreds of millions ofpeoplein many parts of theworld. It can provide practically instantinformationon most topics, and has a pro make up impact on the wayideasare formed andknowledgeis created. The Internet solves many of the problems associated with conducting research in a physical library. First of all students have instant access to reference materials 24 hours a day seven days a week.Students also do not have to travel to get to the reference materials that are found online. This means that they can find references for their research project any time and it also means that they can access these references from anywhere that has a computer an Internet access. Finally, the Internet provides students access to multiple databases and sources of information, many of which ar e not going to be found in a library. Common applications ofInternet researchinclude personal research on a particular subject (something mentioned on the news, a health problem, etc. ,studentsdoing research for academic projects and papers, andjournalistsand otherwriters researching stories. It should be lordly fromscientific research research following a defined and rigorous process carried out on the Internet from straight forward finding of specific info, like locating a name or phone number and from researchaboutthe Internet. Compared to the Internet, print physically limits access to information. A book has to be identified, then actually obtained. On the Net, the Web can be searched, and typically hundreds or thousands ofpagescan be found with some relation to the topic, within seconds.Just like a physical library the Internet has research limitations. The first limitation is based on the students ability to access a computer, electrical energy and Internet access. The seco nd problem is that not all information found online is good information. There are a lot of websites that have inaccurate and incomplete information. These problems can be overcome by counselling research efforts solely on websites that are run by government or other unequivocal organizations or by using databases that hold peer reviewed journals.Many predict that the digital age will wipe public bookshelves clean, and permanently end the centuries-old era of libraries. As libraries relevance comes into question, librarians face an existential crisis at a time when students need them the most. User demand is ever increasing and putting a long pressure on the librarians. Therefore, there is an imperative need for the modernization of libraries in order to keep yard with the modern times. The new challenges in the field of Library and Information Science can be met by adopting the process of digitization and networking.In the present age the Librarians have to face many problems d ue to the limitations of time and space. User satisfaction is the main objective of a good library. It cannot be achieved without adopting the modern tools and techniques rendered available by the modern technologies available in the field of Information and telecommunication. These developments have led to the creation of Digital and virtual(prenominal) Libraries, which have great advantages over the traditional libraries. Therefore, digital libraries are becoming popular due to the advantages and facilities, which are offered by them to their users.III. Accuracy is another area where the Internet information and library information are dissimilar. in the beginning information reaches a library, it is filtered in three ways (a) it is written and/or issued by an authoritative source such as the federal government or a reliable organization (b) it is authenticated as part of an editorial or peer review process by a publisher or (c) it is evaluated by experts, reviewers, or subject sp ecialists/librarians as part of collection development (Brandt, 1996).In a library, the information is then selected, reviewed again, evaluated, and catalogued. The information is selected for specific purposes and specific reasons to be included in a section. Information on the Web has no evaluation criteria. Anyone can publish anything on the Web. It is important that teachers and students do not take information found on the Web at face value. Facts and figures should always be cross-referenced with other resources. http//www2. hawaii. edu/nguyen/web/literature1. htm